This book, "Modern-Day Bird Challenges in India," is a comprehensive exploration of the myriad threats confronting India's bird populations. Authored by dedicated researchers and scholars deeply immersed in the study of avian ecology, the chapters meticulously examine the diverse habitats birds inhabit, the ecological roles they play, and the dire consequences of habitat loss, pollution, climate change, poaching, and human-wildlife conflicts. The motivation for this book arose from an urgent need to highlight the plight of birds amidst India's rapid urbanization and industrialization. Through rigorous research and field studies, we aim to shed light on the critical issues facing these winged sentinels of our environment. Each chapter delves into specific challenges, offering insights into habitat degradation, the impact of pollutants, the perils of illegal trade, and the intricate dynamics of human-bird interactions.