Scott Atran

Ideologiernas död har förutspåtts ett flertal gånger under åren, men gång på gång har vi också sett gamla ideologier återvända under nya beteckningar. I denna bok behandlar vi både nuet och det förflutna. Vi belyser en del av de politiska idéer och system i historien som fortsätter att utöva inflytande på samtiden. Vi granskar också den auktoritära statskapitalismen, som i fallet Kina, och ställer frågan om den är hållbar. Om så är fallet, hur kommer den att inverka på världen? Kommer den att bli förebilden, precis som liberal demokrati under lång tid har varit det för många människor och nationer? Kommer islamism, främlings- och invandrarfientliga partier och andra rörelser i marginalen av det politiska och ideologiska spektrumet i Europa, USA och den islamiska världen att befästa den rådande ordningen eller undergräva tilltron till den? Vilka är globaliseringens konsekvenser för politik och ideologi? Kommer svaret att bli ett världsparlament, en världsomfattande miljörörelse eller olika strömningar med religion som gemensam nämnare? Eller kommer vi kanske i stället att få se ett annat gammalt spöke återvända: nationalismen? Boken ingår i serien Engelsbergsseminarierna och utges i samarbete med Bokförlaget Atlantis och Axel och Margaret Ax:son Johnsons stiftelse för almännyttiga ändamål.

Scott Atran has spent years talking to terrorists - from Gaza and Afghanistan, to Indonesia and Europe. Here he argues persuasively that to understand religious violence we need to consider terrorists' close relationships, with family and friends, as much as the causes they espouse. He delivers a fascinating journey into the mindsets of radicalised people in the twenty-first century, and deep insights into the history of all religions.

An analysis of the cognitive consequences of diminished contact with nature examines the relationship between how people think about the natural world and how they act on it, and how these are affected by cultural differences. Surveys show that our growing concern over protecting the environment is accompanied by a diminishing sense of human contact with nature. Many people have little commonsense knowledge about nature-are unable, for example, to identify local plants and trees or describe how these plants and animals interact. Researchers report dwindling knowledge of nature even in smaller, nonindustrialized societies. In The Native Mind and the Cultural Construction of Nature, Scott Atran and Douglas Medin trace the cognitive consequences of this loss of knowledge. Drawing on nearly two decades of cross-cultural and developmental research, they examine the relationship between how people think about the natural world and how they act on it and how these are affected by cultural differences. These studies, which involve a series of targeted comparisons among cultural groups living in the same environment and engaged in the same activities, reveal critical universal aspects of mind as well as equally critical cultural differences. Atran and Medin find that, despite a base of universal processes, the cultural differences in understandings of nature are associated with significant differences in environmental decision making as well as intergroup conflict and stereotyping stemming from these differences. The book includes two intensive case studies, one focusing on agro-forestry among Maya Indians and Spanish speakers in Mexico and Guatemala and the other on resource conflict between Native-American and European-American fishermen in Wisconsin. The Native Mind and the Cultural Construction of Nature offers new perspectives on general theories of human categorization, reasoning, decision making, and cognitive development.

This ambitious, interdisciplinary book seeks to explain the origins of religion using our knowledge of the evolution of cognition. A cognitive anthropologist and psychologist, Scott Atran argues that religion is a by-product of human evolution just as the cognitive intervention, cultural selection, and historical survival of religion is an accommodation of certain existential and moral elements that have evolved in the human condition.

What is it about human nature that makes our species capable of thinking scientifically? Inspired by the debate he set up between Noam Chomsky and Jean Piaget, Scott Atran traces the development of Natural History from Aristotle to Darwin, and demonstrates how the science of plants and animals has emerged from common conceptions of folk biology. The author proceeds not only from the more traditional philosophical, historical, or sociological perspectives, but from a point of view which he considers to be more basic and necessary to all of these: that of cognition. He applies a ‘cognitive’ perspective to an explanation of the successive scientific incarnations, transformations, and mutations of what Hume called ‘mankind’s original stock of ideas’.