Shipra Jaidka

Die obstruktive Schlafapnoe ist eine zu wenig anerkannte und zu wenig diagnostizierte Erkrankung, die unz hlige negative Folgen f r die Gesundheit der Patienten und die Gesellschaft als Ganzes hat. Der in der Literatur am h ufigsten genannte Grund f r die obstruktive Schlafapnoe sind wiederkehrende Episoden eines Kollapses der oberen Atemwege w hrend des Schlafes. Seit Mitte der 1990er Jahre bis heute haben wir eine explosionsartige Zunahme der Grundlagen-, klinischen und bev lkerungsbezogenen Forschung erlebt, die sich mit der Pr valenz, den Ursachen, den Folgen und der Behandlung dieses seit langem bestehenden, aber erst seit kurzem anerkannten Problems befasst. Angesichts der relativ hohen Pr valenz dieses schlafspezifischen Problems mit potenzieller bertragung auf die Tagespathologie hat die Schlafapnoe dem Wachstum der Schlafmedizin als klinisches und forschungsbezogenes Fachgebiet gro en Auftrieb verliehen.

L'apnea ostruttiva del sonno una condizione medica sotto riconosciuta e sotto diagnosticata, con una miriade di conseguenze negative sulla salute dei pazienti e sulla societ nel suo complesso. La ragione pi ricorrente dietro l'apnea ostruttiva del sonno data come in letteratura dovuta a episodi ricorrenti di collasso delle vie aeree superiori (UA) durante il sonno. Dalla met degli anni '90 ad oggi, abbiamo visto un'esplosione di ricerca di base, clinica e di popolazione diretta verso la prevalenza, le cause, le conseguenze e il trattamento di questo problema di vecchia data, anche se solo recentemente apprezzato. L'apnea del sonno ha attirato una miriade di ricercatori da diverse discipline e sottospecialit cliniche. Infine, data la prevalenza relativamente alta di questo problema specifico del sonno con potenziale riporto alla patologia diurna, l'apnea del sonno ha fornito grande impulso alla crescita della medicina del sonno come specialit clinica e di ricerca.

L'apn e obstructive du sommeil est une affection m dicale sous-estim e et sous-diagnostiqu e, qui entra ne une myriade de cons quences n gatives sur la sant des patients et la soci t dans son ensemble. Depuis le milieu des ann es 1990, nous avons assist une explosion de la recherche fondamentale, clinique et d mographique sur la pr valence, les causes, les cons quences et le traitement de ce probl me de longue date, bien qu'il n'ait t reconnu que r cemment. L'apn e du sommeil a attir une myriade de chercheurs de diverses disciplines et sous-sp cialit s cliniques. Enfin, tant donn la pr valence relativement lev e de ce probl me sp cifique au sommeil, avec un potentiel de transfert vers la pathologie diurne, l'apn e du sommeil a donn un grand lan la croissance de la m decine du sommeil en tant que sp cialit clinique et de recherche.

Braces generally pop up in everyone's mind concerning malocclusions. However, early orthodontic treatment can help correct the way the jaw is growing and address malocclusion at an earlier stage. As the famous quote states "An ounce of prevention is always better than the pounds of cure", but in some cases where prevention is not possible, interception can be the next best cure. Intercepting problems early, allows us to avoid braces or even orthognathic surgeries in later stages of life. So there arises the importance of early orthodontic treatment by means of myofunctional appliances which helps the jaw to grow in a proper direction and this have been in practice since early 20th century. Although today, several myofunctional appliances are being developed, but the prototype appliances for learning purposes are essentially Activator and it's modifications including Bionator, Functional regulator and Twin block. Thus an humble effort has been made to briefly explain the Removable Myofunctional appliances.

Obstructive sleep apnea is an under recognized and under diagnosed medical condition, with a myriad of negative consequences on patients' health and society as a whole. The most acting reason behind Obstructive sleep apnea given as in literature is due to recurrent episodes of upper airway (UA) collapse during sleep. From the mid-1990s to the present, we have seen an explosion of basic, clinical, and population research directed toward the prevalence, causes, consequences, and treatment of this long-standing, although only recently appreciated, problem. Sleep apnea has attracted a myriad of researchers from diverse disciplines and clinical subspecialties. Finally, given the relatively high prevalence of this sleep-specific problem with potential carryover to daytime pathology, sleep apnea has provided great impetus to the growth of sleep medicine as a clinical and research specialty.

Minor oral surgery is the branch of dentistry that is concerned with surgical aspects of dental treatment. This includes removal of retained or buried roots, broken teeth, wisdom teeth and cysts of the upper and lower jaws. It also includes apical surgery and removal of small soft tissue lesions like mucocele, ranula, high labial or lingual frenumetc in the mouth. These procedures are carried out under local anesthesia with or without IV sedation and have relatively short recovery period.

Oral Habits leave a great impact on development and growth of a child . Thumb Sucking is one such habit in babies and young children who use it to comfort themselves when they feel hungry afraid, sleepy, bored etc. It can lead to devastating effects on child's Facial Growth . This book covers the Causes, Effects on Oral Musculature, Preventive Therapy and various treatment aspects of the Thumb Sucking Habit .

The minimally invasive approach of treating dental caries incorporates the science of detecting, diagnosing, intercepting and treating dental caries on microscopic level. This approach to treating dental caries includes many non surgical modalities with the aim objective to preserve the natural teeth by deferring surgical intervention when possible. If the initial restoration was created using minimally invasive procedure there should be more tooth structure to work with at the time that a second restoration may be needed. Minimal intervention approach starts with diagnosis and risk assessment of the disease in order to allow proper treatment decision. Different techniques for management of initial carious lesion include non inventive management and operative care. Advancements in management of caries has started a trend towards the conversation of tooth structure and also bonding techniques which provide an alternative to mechanical retention.