Staffan I. Lindberg

Demokrati är ingen självklarhet. Idén om demokrati i betydelsen folkstyre går tillbaka till antikens Aten, men vilka som ska utgöra folket och hur styret ska bedrivas har debatterats alltsedan dess. Över tid har allt fler grupper av människor inkluderats i demos. Samtidigt har det under demokratins hela historia funnits ett motstånd mot att gemene man och kvinna ska ha inflytande över politiska angelägenheter. Borde int­e styret skötas av experter? Räcker det inte med att en upplyst ledare eller ett parti med bred förankring kanaliserar folkviljan? Bokens redaktörer, Jonny Hjelm och Christer Nordlund, är professorer i historia respektive idéhistoria vid Umeå universitet. Övriga med­verkande är: Magnus Blomgren, Anders Burman, S­andra Grahn, Staffa­n I. Lindberg, Anna Lührman, Erland Mårald, Malin Rönn­blom och Josefi­n Rönnbäck.

This volume studies elections as a core institution of liberal democracy in the context of newly democratizing countries. Political scientist Staffan I. Lindberg gathers data from every nationally contested election in Africa from 1989 to 2003, covering 232 elections in 44 countries. He argues that democratizing nations learn to become democratic through repeated democratic behavior, even if their elections are often flawed. Refuting a number of established hypotheses, Lindberg finds no general negative trend in either the frequency or the quality of African elections. Rather, elections in Africa, based on his findings, are more than just the goal of a transition toward democracy or merely a formal procedure. The inception of multiparty elections usually initiates liberalization, and repeated electoral activities create incentives for political actors, fostering the expansion and deepening of democratic values. In addition to improving the democratic qualities of political regimes, a sequence of elections tends to expand and solidify de facto civil liberties in society. Drawing on a wealth of data, Lindberg makes the case that repetitive elections are an important causal factor in the development of democracy. He thus extends Rustow's (1970) theory that democratic behavior produces democratic values.

Varieties of Democracy is the essential user's guide to The Varieties of Democracy project (V-Dem), one of the most ambitious data collection efforts in comparative politics. This global research collaboration sparked a dramatic change in how we study the nature, causes, and consequences of democracy. This book is ambitious in scope: more than a reference guide, it raises standards for causal inferences in democratization research and introduces new, measurable, concepts of democracy and many political institutions. Varieties of Democracy enables anyone interested in democracy - teachers, students, journalists, activists, researchers and others - to analyze V-Dem data in new and exciting ways. This book creates opportunities for V-Dem data to be used in education, research, news analysis, advocacy, policy work, and elsewhere. V-Dem is rapidly becoming the preferred source for democracy data.

Forskningsprogrammet "Varianter på demokrati och förklaringar av demokratisering (V-Dem)" tilldelades anslag av Stiftelsen Riksbankens Jubileumsfond 2013. Huvudmålen var att råda bot på de otillräckliga demokratimått som då fanns genom att skapa en unik databas med många nyanserade mått och därmed kunna ge svar på frågorna om vad som leder till demokrati och vad som hotar en demokratisk utveckling. Dessutom ville forskarna kunna förutsäga både vilka länder som har en hög risk för demokratiska sammanbrott och vilka som är mest öppna för framsteg. Detta är programmets slutrapport. (RJ:s skriftserie nr 19)

Varieties of Democracy is the essential user's guide to The Varieties of Democracy project (V-Dem), one of the most ambitious data collection efforts in comparative politics. This global research collaboration sparked a dramatic change in how we study the nature, causes, and consequences of democracy. This book is ambitious in scope: more than a reference guide, it raises standards for causal inferences in democratization research and introduces new, measurable, concepts of democracy and many political institutions. Varieties of Democracy enables anyone interested in democracy - teachers, students, journalists, activists, researchers and others - to analyze V-Dem data in new and exciting ways. This book creates opportunities for V-Dem data to be used in education, research, news analysis, advocacy, policy work, and elsewhere. V-Dem is rapidly becoming the preferred source for democracy data.