Stephen W. Hawking

સ્ટીફન હૉકિંગનું વિશ્વસ્તરનું બેસ્ટ-સેલર પુસ્તક 'અ બ્રીફ હિસ્ટ્રી ઑફ ટાઇમ' વૈજ્ઞાનિક પુસ્તકોના સંદર્ભમાં એક ઐતિહાસિક મહત્ત્વ ધરાવતું પુસ્તક હતું. આનું એક કારણ તેના લેખકની પ્રભાવશાળી અભિવ્યક્તિ હતી અને બીજું કારણ આ સંમોહક વિષય હતો, જેના વિશે તેમણે પુસ્તક લખ્યું હતું. દેશ અને કાળની પ્રકૃતિ, સૃષ્ટિની પ્રક્રિયામાં ઈશ્વરની ભૂમિકા, બ્રહ્માંડનો ઇતિહાસ અને ભવિષ્ય. પરંતુ એ પણ સાચું છે કે તે પુસ્તકનાં પ્રકાશન બાદ વાચક સતત પ્રોફેસર હૉકિંગના પુસ્તકમાં આપવામાં આવેલ કેટલાક મહત્ત્વપૂર્ણ સિદ્ધાંતોને સમજવામાં પડતી મુશ્કેલીઓ બાબતે વાત કરી રહ્યા હતા. આ જ આ પુસ્તક 'સમયનો સરળ અને સંક્ષિપ્ત ઇતિહાસ' ('અ બ્રીફર હિસ્ટ્રી ઑફ ટાઇમ')ના ઉદ્ભવ અને તે લખવા પાછળનું કારણ છે. પુસ્તકના વિષયને વાચકો સુધી પહોંચાડવું અને નવાં વૈજ્ઞાનિક પરીક્ષણો અને શોધને તેમાં સમાવવી. જો કે આ પુસ્તક ઘણીખરી રીતે સંક્ષિપ્ત છે, પરંતુ આ મૂળ પુસ્તકના વિષયને વિગતવાર વર્ણવે છે. મેથેમેટિક્સ ઑફ કેઓટિક બાઉન્ડ્રી કન્ડિશન્સ જેવી શુદ્ધ ટેક્નિકલ માન્યતાઓને હટાવી દેવામાં આવી છે અને સાપેક્ષતા, વક્ર સ્પેસ અને ક્વૉન્ટમ સિદ્ધાંત સહિતના વ્યાપક અને રસપ્રદ વિષયો, જેને સમજવા મુશ્કેલ હતા, કારણ કે તે પુસ્તકમાં છૂટીછવાઈ રીતે સમાવિષ્ટ કરવામાં આવેલ હતા તેમને આમાં અલગ અલગ પ્રકરણમાં સમાવવામાં આવ્યા છે. લેખકને સ્ટ્રીંગ સિદ્ધાંતમાં થયેલ પ્રગતિથી લઈને ભૌતિકશાસ્ત્રનાં તમામ બળોના સંપૂર્ણ અને એકીકૃત સિદ્ધાંતની શોધની દિશાના ઘટનાક્રમ, ખાસ ક્ષેત્રોમાં રુચિ અને હાલમાં જ થયેલ નવીન સંશોધનો બાબતે જાણકારી આપવાની સંભાવનાઓ ઊભી કરી છે. પુસ્તકનાં પાછલા સંસ્કરણોની જેમ અને તેનાથી પણ વધુ 'સમયનો સરળ અને સંક્ષિપ્ત ઇતિહાસ' દેશ અને કાળના ભેદના આકર્ષક રહસ્યોની દિશામાં ચાલુ શોધમાં તમામ બિન-વૈ

ప్రపంచవ్యాప్త బెస్ట్] సెల్లర్] "ఎ బ్రీఫ్] హిస్టరీ ఆఫ్] టైమ్]" స్టీఫెన్] హాకింగ్] రచన, సైంటిఫిక్] రచనలలో ఒక మైలురాయి. అందుకు కారణం రచయిత మాట తీరు, ఎంచుకున్న అంశాలు పట్టి చదివించే రకం అన్నది మరొకటి. విశ్వం సృష్టిలో దేవుని పాత్ర, విశ్వం చరిత్ర, భవిష్యత్తు ఎవరికయినా ఆసక్తికరాలు. అయితే పుస్తకం ప్రచురణ తరువాత పాఠకులు, పుస్తకంలోని ముఖ్యమయిన అంశాలు అర్థంకావడం కష్టంగా ఉందని ప్రొఫెసర్] హాకింగ్]కు చెప్పారు. అది నిజం.అందుకే ఎ బ్రీఫర్] హిస్టరీ ఆఫ్ టైమ్] పుస్తకం వచ్చింది. రచయిత పుస్తకంలోని అంశాలను పాఠకులకు మరింత సులభంగా అందాలి అనుకున్నాడు. అట్లాగే ఇటీవలి వైజ్ఞానిక పరిశీలనలను అందులో చేర్చాలి అనుకున్నాడు.మాటవరుసకు మాత్రమే ఈ పుస్తకం అంతకు ముందు దానికన్నా సంక్షిప్తంగా ఉంది. కానీ వాస్తవానికి, మొదటి దానిలోని అంశాలను మరింత విస్తృతంగా మార్చింది. కేయాటిక్] బౌండరీ పరిస్థితుల వంటి గణితం అంశాలు ఇందులో లేవు. మరొక పక్క ఎక్కువ మందికి ఆసక్తికరంగా ఉండే సాపేక్షత, స్థలం వంపు, క్వాంటమ్] సిద్ధాంతం వంటి అంశాలు పుస్తకమంతటా చెదురుగా ఉండేవి. ఇక్కడ వాటిని పూర్తి అధ్యాయాల కింద విడివిడిగా వివరించారు. ప్రత్యేకంగా ఆసక్తి కలిగించే అంశాలు, స్ట్రింగ్] సిద్ధాంతం, ఏకీకృత సిద్ధాంతం గురించిన కొత్త పరిశోధనలు, బలాల గురించిన సిద్ధాంతంవంటి ఇటీవలి అంశాలు, విస్తారంగా వివరించే వీలు రచయితకు అందింది. మొదటి ఎడిషన్]లాగే, ఈ పుస్తకం మరింత ఎక్కువగా సైంటిస్ట్]లు కాని వారిని కూడా కాలం, స్థలం గురించిన చిత్రమయిన రహస్యాల అన్వేషణలో ముందుకు నడిపిస్తుంది.ఎ బ్రీఫర్] హిస్టరీ ఆఫ్] టైమ్], సైన్స్] సాహిత్యానికి సరికొత్త కలయికగా అందరినీ అలరిస్తుంది.

First published in 1973, this influential work discusses Einstein's General Theory of Relativity to show how two of its predictions arise: first, that the ultimate fate of many massive stars is to undergo gravitational collapse to form 'black holes'; and second, that there was a singularity in the past at the beginning of the universe. Starting with a precise formulation of the theory, including the necessary differential geometry, the authors discuss the significance of space-time curvature and examine the properties of a number of exact solutions of Einstein's field equations. They develop the theory of the causal structure of a general space-time, and use it to prove a number of theorems establishing the inevitability of singularities under certain conditions. A Foreword contributed by Abhay Ashtekar and a new Preface from George Ellis help put the volume into context of the developments in the field over the past fifty years.

हे पुस्तक स्थल आणि कालाचे स्वरूप, निर्मितीतला ईश्वराचा सहभाग, विश्वाचा इतिहास आणि भवितव्य यांसारख्या महत्त्वाच्या संकल्पना स्पष्ट होण्याकरिता एका अर्थाने आणखी संक्षिप्त असले, तरी दुसर्या बाजूला ते मूळ लिखाणातील महान विषयांची सुधारून वाढवलेली आवृत्ती आहे. आपल्या लिखाणाचा आशय वाचकांपर्यंत पोहोचावा आणि त्याचबरोबर ते लिखाण अद्यतन वैज्ञानिक निरीक्षणे आणि शोधांच्या प्रकाशात अद्ययावत बनावे, असे लेखकांना वाटते. केऑटिक बाऊंडरी कंडिशन्ससारख्या शुद्ध तांत्रिक संकल्पना आता गायब झाल्या आहेत. या उलट अधिक व्यापक आकर्षण असणार्या संकल्पना - उदाहरणार्थ सापेक्षता, स्थलाची वक्रता आणि पुंजयामिकी सिद्धान्तन - ज्या पूर्वी समजायला यासाठी कठीण होत्या की, त्या पुस्तकात सर्वत्र इतस्ततः पसरल्या असल्याने समजायला कठीण बनल्या होत्या, त्यांच्यासाठी स्वतंत्र प्रकरणे बहाल करण्यात आली आहेत. या पुनर्रचनेमुळे लेखकांना विशेष महत्त्वाच्या आणि अद्यतन प्रगतीच्या विषयांकडे लक्ष देणे शक्य झाले आहे.

A BRIEFER HISTORY OF TIME (MALAYALAM) by STEPHEN W HAWKING published by Manjul Publishing House Pvt Ltd, stands as a beacon of knowledge and inspiration. With its insightful content and engaging narrative style, this book transcends genres, offering something valuable for every reader.

Cambridge University's Lucasian Professorship of Mathematics is one of the most celebrated academic positions in the world. Since its foundation in 1663, the chair has been held by seventeen men who represent some of the best and most influential minds in science and technology. Principally a social history of mathematics and physics, the story of these great natural philosophers and mathematical physicists is told here by some of the finest historians of science. The journey begins with the search for a benefactor able to establish a 'mathematicus professor honorarius', and travels through the life and work of the professors, exploring aspects from the heroic to the absurd. Covering both the great similarities and the extreme differences in mathematical physics over the last four centuries, this informative work offers interesting perspectives on world-famous scientists including Isaac Newton, Charles Babbage, G. G. Stokes, Paul Dirac and Stephen Hawking.

The physics of black holes underwent a profound transformation starting with Jacob Bekenstein's recognition of black hole entropy. Stephen Hawking's collaboration with Roger Penrose highlighted the significance of spacetime singularities in the context of the big bang and black holes. His later work delved deeper into these topics, grappling with the profound implications of quantum mechanics and general relativity. His investigations into black hole radiation and the no-boundary condition on the origin of the universe have become pivotal in theoretical physics. These developments culminated in the emergence of "The Holographic Principle", a groundbreaking concept revolutionizing our understanding of space, time, matter, and information. Leonard Susskind, a key figure in this revolution and co-inventor of the Holographic Principle, elaborates on these concepts alongside his foundational work in string theory. Together, these works encapsulate decades of intellectual pursuit and paradigm-shifting discoveries.

Der Autor des internationalen Bestsellers >Eine kurze Geschichte der Zeit< hat mit diesem Buch wieder neue Maßstäbe gesetzt. In der für ihn typischen witzigen und bilderreichen Sprache und mittels über zweihundert prächtiger Farbillustrationen führt er den Leser in das surreale Wunder der modernen Raumzeit-Forschung. Wie kam es, dass in einer bestimmten Phase der kosmischen Entwicklung Milliarden Sterne ?angingen?, wie tickt das Uhrwerk, das sie dazu veranlaßte? Warum glüht der Himmel nicht, obwohl doch das ganze Universum glüht - oder stimmt das gar nicht? Warum bewegt sich das Universum von uns fort? Warum haben Raum und Zeit einen Anfang und sind nicht ewig? Warum ist die Welt nicht fest umrissen und endgültig? Warum sind wir eigentlich hier und nicht woanders? Gibt es im All andere Wesen, und wenn ja, wer sind sie, und wo sind sie? Die Suche nach der Formel, die das Universum erklärt, nach der ? Theorie für alles? ist der heilige Gral der Physik. Die brillantesten Köpfe der Kosmologie befassen sich mit dieser Frage. Zu ihnen gehört unzweifelhaft Stephen Hawking. Er behandelt verschiedene Vorschläge dafür wie zum Beispiel die String-Theorie und Super-Gravitation. Er zeigt, dass nicht jeder Raum, sondern auch jede Zeit eine Form annimmt. Er pokert mit Newton und Einstein, befasst sich mit der Frage, ob Zeitreisen möglich sind, sowie mit anderen kühnen Spekulationen und bietet einen einzigartigen Einblick in die Welt der modernen Astrophysik und Kosmologie. Taschenbuchausgabe auf der Grundlage der erweiterten Neuausgabe

Cambridge University's Lucasian Professorship of Mathematics is one of the most celebrated academic positions in the world. Since its foundation in 1663, the chair has been held by seventeen men who represent some of the best and most influential minds in science and technology. Principally a social history of mathematics and physics, the story of these great natural philosophers and mathematical physicists is told here by some of the finest historians of science. The journey begins with the search for a benefactor able to establish a 'mathematicus professor honorarius', and travels through the life and work of the professors, exploring aspects from the heroic to the absurd. Covering both the great similarities and the extreme differences in mathematical physics over the last four centuries, this informative work offers new perspectives on world famous scientists including Isaac Newton, Charles Babbage, G. G. Stokes, Paul Dirac, and Stephen Hawking.

In the years since its publication in 1988, Stephen Hawking's A Brief History Of Time has established itself as a landmark volume in scientific writing. It has become an international publishing phenomenon, translated into forty languages and selling over nine million copies. The book was on the cutting edge of what was then known about the nature of the universe, but since that time there have been extraordinary advances in the technology of macrocosmic worlds. These observations have confirmed many of Professor Hawkin's theoretical predictions in the first edition of his book, including the recent discoveries of the Cosmic Background Explorer satellite (COBE), which probed back in time to within 300,000 years of the fabric of space-time that he had projected. Eager to bring to his original text the new knowledge revealed by these many observations, as well as his recent research, for this expanded edition Professor Hawking has prepared a new introduction to the book, written an entirely new chapter on the fascinating subject of wormholes and time travel, and updated the original chapters. In addition, to heighten understanding of complex concepts that readers may have found difficult to grasp despite the clarity and wit of Professor Hawking's writing, this edition is enhanced throughout with more than 240 full-color illustrations, including satellite images, photographs made made possible by spectacular technological advance such as the Hubble Space Telescope, and computer generated images of three and four-dimensional realities. Detailed captions clarify these illustrations, enable readers to experience the vastness of intergalactic space, the nature of black holes, and the microcosmic world of particle physics in which matters and antimatter collide. A classic work that now brings to the reader the latest understanding of cosmology, A Brief History Of Time is the story of the ongoing search for t he tantalizing secrets at the heart of time and space. "He can explain the complexities of cosmological physics with an engaging combination of clarity and wit-- His is a brain of extraordinary power."-- New York Review of Books"Hawking has succeeded in writing two intertwined books, one a highly readable and popular account of the role of time in physics, the other an in-depth review-- What makes all this so interesting is Hawking's ability to convoy the essential physics in words alone."-- Physics Today"In his first work of popular science, Stephen Hawking proves himself to be a master of vivid clarity-- It's difficult to think of anyone else living who could have put these mathematically formidable subjects more clearly."-- Chicago Tribune"A masterful summary of what physicists now think the world is made of and how it got that way."-- The Wall Street journal"This book marries a child's wonder to a genius's intellect. We journey into Hawking's universe while marvelling at his mind."-- The Sunday Times (London)"The famous theoretical physicist best known for his inquiries into the nature of black holes--turns out to be as skilled a popular writer as he is a mathematician-- The result is probably the best single book on astrophysics for the common reader. Thank you, Dr. Hawking!"--Booklist"Lively and provocative-- Hawking clearly possesses a natural teacher's gift - easy, good-natured humor and an ability to illustrate highly complex propositions with analogies plucked from daily life."-- The New York Times"Charming and lucid--gives the general reader an opportunity to learn some deep science directly from the source-- [A book of] sunny brilliance."-- The New Yorker

Which of these bizarre phenomena, if any, can really exist in our universe? Black holes, down which anything can fall but from which nothing can return; wormholes, short spacewarps connecting regions of the cosmos; singularities, where space and time are so violently warped that time ceases to exist and space becomes a kind of foam; gravitational waves, which carry symphonic accounts of collisions of black holes billions of years ago; and time machines, for traveling backward and forward in time. Kip Thorne, along with fellow theorists Stephen Hawking and Roger Penrose, a cadre of Russians, and earlier scientists such as Oppenheimer, Wheeler and Chandrasekhar, has been in the thick of the quest to secure answers. In this masterfully written and brilliantly informed work of scientific history and explanation, Dr. Thorne, a Nobel Prize-winning physicist and the Feynman Professor of Theoretical Physics Emeritus at Caltech, leads his readers through an elegant, always human, tapestry of interlocking themes, coming finally to a uniquely informed answer to the great question: what principles control our universe and why do physicists think they know the things they think they know? Stephen Hawking's A Brief History of Time has been one of the greatest best-sellers in publishing history. Anyone who struggled with that book will find here a more slowly paced but equally mind-stretching experience, with the added fascination of a rich historical and human component. Winner of the Phi Beta Kappa Award in Science.