Sudhir Gupta

During the past 5 years rapid progress has been made in the understanding of biochemical pathways for signal transduction in lymphocyte activation. Gene cloning technology has been instrumental in defining and making available in pure form of a number of growth and differentiation factors, in the characterization of their receptors, and in the delineation of genes for the T cell receptor. This book is divided into 6 sections. Section 1 deals with the molecular structure of the T cell receptor. Section 2 discusses the role of the T cell receptor, membrane ion channels and biochemical pathways of signal transduction in T cell activation. The molecular structures and biological and immunological effects of interleukin 1, interleukin 2 and interleukin 3 are presented in Section 3. This section also details the structure of interleukin 2 receptor and its use as a target for therapy for certain leukemias. Section 4 includes the biochemical events which occur following the delivery of the signal for B cell activation, proliferation, and differentiation by antigen, growth/differentiation factors. The molecular structure of B cell stimulating factors is also discussed. The role of oncogene expression in cellular activation and differentiation is included in Section 5. The cellular and molecular basis of natural killing and the molecular basis of cyc1osporin A-mediated immunosuppression are discussed in detail in Section 6. We hope this book will serve as a reference work on basic mechanisms of lymphocyte activation, proliferation, and differentiation for immunologists and molecular biologists.

Factorial designs were introduced and popularized by Fisher (1935). Among the early authors, Yates (1937) considered both symmetric and asymmetric factorial designs. Bose and Kishen (1940) and Bose (1947) developed a mathematical theory for symmetric priIi't&-powered factorials while Nair and Roo (1941, 1942, 1948) introduced and explored balanced confounded designs for the asymmetric case. Since then, over the last four decades, there has been a rapid growth of research in factorial designs and a considerable interest is still continuing. Kurkjian and Zelen (1962, 1963) introduced a tensor calculus for factorial arrangements which, as pointed out by Federer (1980), represents a powerful statistical analytic tool in the context of factorial designs. Kurkjian and Zelen (1963) gave the analysis of block designs using the calculus and Zelen and Federer (1964) applied it to the analysis of designs with two-way elimination of heterogeneity. Zelen and Federer (1965) used the calculus for the analysis of designs having several classifications with unequal replications, no empty cells and with all the interactions present. Federer and Zelen (1966) considered applications of the calculus for factorial experiments when the treatments are not all equally replicated, and Paik and Federer (1974) provided extensions to when some of the treatment combinations are not included in the experiment. The calculus, which involves the use of Kronecker products of matrices, is extremely helpful in deriving characterizations, in a compact form, for various important features like balance and orthogonality in a general multifactor setting.