Sunil R Panat

Nanotechnology or nanoscience, refers to the research and development of an applied science at the atomic, molecular, or macromolecular levels. Nanotechnology refers broadly to a field of applied science and technology whose unifying theme is the control of matter on the molecular level in scales smaller than 1 m, normally 1-100 nm and the fabrication of devices within that size range. The growing interest in the future of dental applications of nanotechnology is leading to emergence of a new field called Nanodentistry. Applications of nanotechnology in dentistry have only approached the horizon with opportunities and possibilities for the future that can only be limited by our imagination. As nanotechnology expands in other fields, clinicians, scientists, and manufacturers will work to discover the uses and advances for dentistry.

Genes, which are carried on chromosomes are the basic physical and functional units of heredity. In humans, genes are compressed and bundled into a set of 23 pairs of chromosomes, which stabilize and protect the DNA. Gene therapy is an emerging field of biomedicine that has commanded considerable scientific and popular attention. Gene therapy is the insertion, alteration, or removal of genes within an individual's cells and biological tissues to treat disease. It is a technique for correcting defective genes that are responsible for disease development. Gene therapy is having a pervasive and significant impact on areas related to science-based dental practice. Biological research is presenting dentists with more potential treatment options for the future. Gene therapy is in its infancy, and current gene therapy is primarily experimental, with most human clinical trials only in the research stages. Over time and with proper oversight, human gene therapy might become an effective weapon in modern medicine's arsenal to help fight various diseases.