Sushil Kumar

Allergischer Schnupfen, im Volksmund auch Heuschnupfen" genannt, ist ein weltweit verbreitetes Gesundheitsproblem. Zur Behandlung des allergischen Schnupfens werden verschiedene Medikamente eingesetzt, die jedoch unwirksam oder teuer sein k nnen oder Nebenwirkungen haben. Helminthen sind komplexe mehrzellige Organismen, die gr ere Organismen bewohnen und beim Menschen oft symptomlos sind. Helminthen modulieren (d. h. passen sich optimal an) das Immunsystem ihrer Wirte an, und es wird vermutet, dass diese Eigenschaft von Helminthen therapeutisch genutzt werden k nnte, um allergische Erkrankungen wie die allergische Rhinitis zu verhindern oder zu behandeln. In diese systematische bersichtsarbeit wurden Daten aus zwei gut konzipierten Studien mit insgesamt 130 erwachsenen Teilnehmern einbezogen, wobei in jeder Studie eine andere gastrointestinale Helminthenart (menschlicher Hakenwurm in einer Studie und Schweinepeitschenwurm in der anderen) als Intervention eingesetzt wurde. In beiden Studien wurde keine signifikante Wirksamkeit von Helminthen festgestellt, obwohl eine Helminthenart (Trichuris suis, der Schweinepeitschenwurm) die Notwendigkeit f r die Teilnehmer verringerte, w hrend der Gr serpollensaison Tabletten als "Notfallmedikation" zu nehmen. Unerw nschte Ereignisse wie Bauchschmerzen und Bl hungen traten in der Helminthengruppe h ufiger auf, aber die beiden untersuchten Helminthenarten verursachten keine schwerwiegenden unerw nschten Reaktionen.

La rhinite allergique, commun ment appel e "rhume des foins", est un probl me de sant courant dans le monde entier. Divers m dicaments sont utilis s pour traiter la rhinite allergique, mais ils peuvent tre inefficaces, co teux ou avoir des effets secondaires. Les helminthes sont des organismes multicellulaires complexes qui vivent dans des organismes plus grands et qui, chez l'homme, ne pr sentent souvent aucun sympt me. Les helminthes modulent (c'est- -dire qu'ils ajustent de mani re optimale) le syst me immunitaire de leurs h tes et l'on pense que cette propri t des helminthes pourrait tre utilis e des fins th rapeutiques, pour pr venir ou traiter les maladies allergiques, telles que la rhinite allergique. Dans cette revue syst matique, nous avons inclus les donn es de deux tudes bien con ues avec un total de 130 participants adultes, chaque tude utilisant une esp ce diff rente d'helminthe gastro-intestinal (l'ankylostome humain dans une tude et le trichoc phale du porc dans l'autre) en tant qu'intervention. Les deux tudes n'ont pas mis en vidence d'efficacit significative des helminthes, bien qu'une esp ce d'helminthe (Trichuris suis, le trichoc phale du porc) ait r duit la n cessit pour les participants de prendre des comprim s comme "m dicament de secours" pendant la saison des pollens de gramin es. Les effets ind sirables tels que les douleurs abdominales et les flatulences taient plus fr quents dans le groupe des helminthes, mais les deux esp ces d'helmin

A rinite al rgica, popularmente conhecida como "febre dos fenos", um problema de sa de comum em todo o mundo. S o utilizados v rios medicamentos para tratar a rinite al rgica, mas estes podem ser ineficazes, caros ou ter efeitos secund rios. Os helmintes s o organismos multicelulares complexos que habitam organismos maiores e que, nos seres humanos, muitas vezes n o apresentam sintomas. Os helmintes modulam (ou seja, ajustam de forma ptima) o sistema imunit rio dos seus hospedeiros e pensa-se que esta propriedade dos helmintes poderia ser utilizada terapeuticamente, para prevenir ou tratar doen as al rgicas, como a rinite al rgica. Nesta revis o sistem tica, inclu mos dados de dois estudos bem concebidos, com um total de 130 participantes adultos, cada estudo utilizando uma esp cie diferente de helminto gastrointestinal (ancil stomo humano num estudo e verme do porco no outro) como interven o. Ambos os estudos n o encontraram uma efic cia significativa dos helmintos, embora uma esp cie de helminto (Trichuris suis, o verme do porco) tenha reduzido a necessidade de os participantes tomarem comprimidos como "medica o de emerg ncia" durante a poca do p len das gram neas. Os efeitos adversos, como dor abdominal e flatul ncia, foram mais comuns no grupo dos helmintas, mas as duas esp cies de helmintos estudadas n o causaram reac es adversas graves.

La rinite allergica, nota come "febbre da fieno", un problema di salute comune in tutto il mondo. Per il trattamento della rinite allergica vengono utilizzati diversi farmaci, che per possono essere inefficaci, costosi o avere effetti collaterali. Gli elminti sono organismi multicellulari complessi che abitano organismi pi grandi e che nell'uomo sono spesso asintomatici. Gli elminti modulano (cio regolano in modo ottimale) il sistema immunitario dei loro ospiti e si pensa che questa propriet degli elminti possa essere usata terapeuticamente, per prevenire o trattare malattie allergiche, come la rinite allergica. In questa revisione sistematica abbiamo incluso i dati di due studi ben progettati con un totale di 130 partecipanti adulti, ciascuno dei quali ha utilizzato come intervento una diversa specie di elminti gastrointestinali (l'anchilostoma umano in uno studio e il tricocefalo suino nell'altro). Entrambi gli studi non hanno riscontrato un'efficacia significativa degli elminti, sebbene una specie di elminti (Trichuris suis, il tricocefalo del maiale) abbia ridotto la necessit per i partecipanti di assumere compresse come "farmaco di soccorso" durante la stagione del polline delle graminacee. Eventi avversi come dolore addominale e flatulenza erano pi comuni nel gruppo degli elminti, ma le due specie di elminti studiate non hanno causato reazioni avverse gravi.

The book provides a comprehensive guide on the application of statistical methods in agricultural research, with a focus on using R software for data analysis. It addresses the need for practical, understandable statistical analysis in agriculture, where its core objective is to equip readers with the skill manage and analyse data within the software for various experimental designs, perform basic statistical analysis, interpreting results from diverse types of crop trials - be it simple, factorial, or pooled experimental design and effectively presenting agricultural data. The book is structured into several chapters, each addressing a different aspect of statistical applications in agriculture. It begins with an introduction to fundamental statistical terminology and concepts, highlighting the relevance of statistics in various fields and the rationale behind selecting R for data analysis. The book then guides readers through the installation of R and RStudio, providing practical advice on data import and workspace setup. It explores into basic statistics, focusing on key data metrics & graph and demonstrates the ease of executing these tasks in R. The chapters progress to cover experimental design, offering insights into principles and the use of R for treatment randomization in diverse experiments. The book also addresses correlation analysis, path analysis in plant breeding research and data transformation techniques, each with hands-on R examples. Advanced topics include a thorough examination of Completely Randomized Design (CRD), Randomized Block Design (RBD) and Latin Square Design (LSD), discussing their theoretical foundations, structure and analysis, including ANOVA interpretations in R. Additionally, it explores Split and Strip Plot Designs and their applications, concluding with a chapter on visualizing output, particularly focusing on multiple comparison tests and their representation in R. This book is structured to provide a sequential understanding of both the theoretical and practical aspects of statistical application in agriculture, making it an indispensable guide for researchers and practitioners in the field.

This book features chapter-specific objective questions on a variety of topics in accordance with the syllabi of numerous competitive examinations in the field of Animal Genetics and Breeding. It is an invaluable resource for candidates preparing for the ICAR JRF, SRF, NET, and ARS examinations. Moreover, the books content is relevant to several other national competitive examinations in which Animal Genetics and Breeding is a subject of study.

Out of 106 genotypes only 7 genotypes viz., Path 402, Path 407, NDA-14-4, NDA-14-15, NDA-14-16, NDA-14-29, NDA-14-36 were resistant against A.tenuissima under artificial inoculation conditions by spraying inoculums. Seventeen plant extracts were evaluated in vitro and in vivo. The effectiveness of extracts increased with the increase of their concentration and maximum inhibition was recorded at 15 per cent concentration at 7 days of incubation in vitro. The complete inhibition in radial growth was obtained in Neem followed by Eucalyptus, Garlic, Mehandi, Ginger, Tulsi, Madar, Kaner, Onion, Lantana, Sadabahar, Ashok, Bael, Bhang, Clerodendron, Parthenium and Marigold. The disease incidence was not much reduced by Clerodendron, Parthenium and Marigold at 15% concentration at 60 days after spraying. The same trend was also found in per cent disease control. However, per cent disease control in between Neem and Eucalyptus; Garlic and Mehandi; Ginger and Tulsi; Kaner and Onion; Lantana and Sadabahar; Bael and Bhang; Parthenium and Marigold were at par to each other. The The lower per cent disease control was found in Clerodendron, Parthenium and Marigold.