Tao Liu

This book presents a groundbreaking examination of the intricate dynamics shaping the customized bus (CB) service industry. Through a meticulous exploration segmented into three distinct parts, this book offers a holistic approach by dissecting the foundational elements, user behaviors, and environmental influences that collectively drive the success or failure of CB services. The authors employ a multidisciplinary lens, blending empirical research with theoretical insights to unpack the complexities of demand evolution and user loyalty within the CB service sector. This novel approach integrates statistical analyses, user behavior modeling, and environmental effects assessment to provide a comprehensive view of the industry's current state and future prospects. Setting this work apart is its emphasis on the interplay between service provider strategies and the built environment effects, a relatively unexplored dimension in transportation studies. The book introduces pioneering models for understanding user choice behavior and loyalty, considering the heterogeneity of individual preferences and the significant impact of urban built environment. Covering a range of topics from the basic role of CB in transportation systems to advanced analyses of subscribing behavior and market adaptation strategies, the book is designed for a diverse audience. Academics, industry professionals, urban planners, and policymakers will find its content accessible and applicable, with insights beneficial for both introductory learners and advanced practitioners. Strategic Recommendations: Through its analytical rigor, the book equips stakeholders with practical strategies to enhance service viability, promote user loyalty, and navigate the operational complexities of the CB service landscape.

This book focuses on the theory and design methods for guidance, navigation, and control (GNC) in the context of spacecraft rendezvous and docking (RVD). The position and attitude dynamics and kinematics equations for RVD are presented systematically in accordance with several different coordinate systems, including elliptical orbital frame, and recommendations are supplied on which of these equations to use in different phases of RVD. The book subsequently explains the basic principles and relative navigation algorithms of RVD sensors such as GNSS, radar, and camera-type RVD sensors. It also provides guidance algorithms and schemes for different phases of RVD, including the latest research advances in rapid RVD. In turn, the book presents a detailed introduction to intelligent adaptive control and proposes corresponding theoretical approaches to thruster configuration and control allocation for RVD. Emphasis is placed on the design method of active and passive trajectory protection in different phases of RVD, and on the safety design of the RVD mission as a whole. For purposes of verification, the Shenzhou spacecraft’s in-orbit flight mission is introduced as well. All issues addressed are described and explained from basic principles to detailed engineering methods and examples, providing aerospace engineers and students both a basic understanding of, and numerous practical engineering methods for, GNC system design in RVD.

This book focuses on the theory and design methods for guidance, navigation, and control (GNC) in the context of spacecraft rendezvous and docking (RVD). The position and attitude dynamics and kinematics equations for RVD are presented systematically in accordance with several different coordinate systems, including elliptical orbital frame, and recommendations are supplied on which of these equations to use in different phases of RVD. The book subsequently explains the basic principles and relative navigation algorithms of RVD sensors such as GNSS, radar, and camera-type RVD sensors. It also provides guidance algorithms and schemes for different phases of RVD, including the latest research advances in rapid RVD. In turn, the book presents a detailed introduction to intelligent adaptive control and proposes corresponding theoretical approaches to thruster configuration and control allocation for RVD. Emphasis is placed on the design method of active and passive trajectory protection in different phases of RVD, and on the safety design of the RVD mission as a whole. For purposes of verification, the Shenzhou spacecraft’s in-orbit flight mission is introduced as well. All issues addressed are described and explained from basic principles to detailed engineering methods and examples, providing aerospace engineers and students both a basic understanding of, and numerous practical engineering methods for, GNC system design in RVD.

This book offers advanced iterative learning control (ILC) and optimization methods for industrial batch systems, facilitating engineering applications subject to time- and batch-varying process uncertainties that could not be effectively addressed by the existing ILC methods.

Rotor angle stability is a topic of fundamental importance in electric power systems. Traditionally, rotor angle stability analysis is oriented to node dynamics, especially the impact of generator modeling and parameters. On the other hand, the power network structural information is simply treated as some coefficients in the system dynamical models, which have been paid less attention. This monograph surveys the network-based theories of rotor angle stability that elaborate the role of power network structure, including the results developed in early years as well as in recent years that are facilitated by the new progress on graph theory. It focuses on the connections between power network structures and system dynamic behaviors, and those graph theoretic tools tailored for power system analysis. This publication provides new insights into some important problems in rotor angle stability that have not been well addressed by the traditional node-based approaches. Network-Based Analysis of Rotor Angle Stability of Power Systems is a must-read for all students and researchers working on the cutting edge of electric power systems.

This book examines the nature and internal dynamics of China’s urban construction land (UCL) development, drawing insights from the recently developed theory of regional political ecology. Based on the author’s original research, it identifies two different types of UCL development in China, namely top-down, formal development in the legal and regulated domain, and spontaneous and informal, bottom-up development in the semi-legal, poorly regulated gray domain. Presenting a systematic analysis and comparison, it reveals a scale and speed of informal land development no less significant than that of formal land development, although informal land development tends to be scattered, pervasive, difficult to track, and largely overlooked in research and policy formation. Contrary to the popular perception of the peasantry as passive victims of land development, this book uncovers an intriguing dynamic in which the peasantry has played an increasingly (pro)active role in developing theirrural land for urban uses in informal markets. Further, based on an investigation of UCL development in Beijing and Shenzhen, it shows an interesting trajectory in which the uneven growth and utilization of UCL are contingent upon the various developmental milieus in different places. China’s land institutions, based on an urban–rural dual land system, are not conducive to the ultimate goal of saving and efficiently utilizing land. Accordingly, an urban–rural integrated land market and management system is highly advisable. The theoretical and empirical enquiry presented challenges the perceived notion of China’s UCL development as the outcome of market demand and state supply. Further, it argues for an inclusive treatment of the informality that has characterized urbanization in many developing countries, and for a reassessment of the role played by the peasantry in land-based urbanization.

Smart Energy: From Fire Making to the Post-Carbon World first traces the history of mankind's discovery and use of energy. It then reviews contemporary issues such as global warming, environmental deterioration, depletion of carbon energy sources, and energy disputes. Next, it evaluates technical innovations, system change, and international cooperation. Then, it tackles how civilization will evolve in light of meeting future energy needs, how Smart Energy will meet these needs, and defines the global mission. It ends with a summary of China’s vision of a Smart Energy future. This is required reading for everyone concerned about energy, environment, economy, human survival, and development.

This book examines the nature and internal dynamics of China’s urban construction land (UCL) development, drawing insights from the recently developed theory of regional political ecology. Based on the author’s original research, it identifies two different types of UCL development in China, namely top-down, formal development in the legal and regulated domain, and spontaneous and informal, bottom-up development in the semi-legal, poorly regulated gray domain. Presenting a systematic analysis and comparison, it reveals a scale and speed of informal land development no less significant than that of formal land development, although informal land development tends to be scattered, pervasive, difficult to track, and largely overlooked in research and policy formation. Contrary to the popular perception of the peasantry as passive victims of land development, this book uncovers an intriguing dynamic in which the peasantry has played an increasingly (pro)active role in developing theirrural land for urban uses in informal markets. Further, based on an investigation of UCL development in Beijing and Shenzhen, it shows an interesting trajectory in which the uneven growth and utilization of UCL are contingent upon the various developmental milieus in different places. China’s land institutions, based on an urban–rural dual land system, are not conducive to the ultimate goal of saving and efficiently utilizing land. Accordingly, an urban–rural integrated land market and management system is highly advisable. The theoretical and empirical enquiry presented challenges the perceived notion of China’s UCL development as the outcome of market demand and state supply. Further, it argues for an inclusive treatment of the informality that has characterized urbanization in many developing countries, and for a reassessment of the role played by the peasantry in land-based urbanization.

Smart Energy: From Fire Making to the Post-Carbon World first traces the history of mankind's discovery and use of energy. It then reviews contemporary issues such as global warming, environmental deterioration, depletion of carbon energy sources, and energy disputes. Next, it evaluates technical innovations, system change, and international cooperation. Then, it tackles how civilization will evolve in light of meeting future energy needs, how Smart Energy will meet these needs, and defines the global mission. It ends with a summary of China’s vision of a Smart Energy future. This is required reading for everyone concerned about energy, environment, economy, human survival, and development.

Die Studie analysiert erstmals die Einfuhrung einer gesetzlichen Unfallversicherung in China in den 2000er Jahren, basierend auf umfangreichen Feldforschungen. Mit der Unfallversicherung hat sich China fur die Idee individueller sozialer Rechte geoeffnet, die weder in der konfuzianischen noch der sino-kommunistischen Tradition verankert ist. Der Autor zeigt, dass dieser Durchbruch wesentlich auf Prozesse globaler Wissensdiffusion zuruckzufuhren ist, zu der internationale Organisationen und vor allem die Trager der deutschen gesetzlichen Unfallversicherung beigetragen haben. Erganzend wird die weltweite Verbreitung unterschiedlicher Modelle der Unfallversicherung dargestellt. Theoretisch wird die Diffusion in den Zusammenhang einer emergierenden "Weltkultur" gestellt.

Industrial Process Identification and Control Design is devoted to advanced identification and control methods for the operation of continuous-time processes both with and without time delay, in industrial and chemical engineering practice. The simple and practical step- or relay-feedback test is employed when applying the proposed identification techniques, which are classified in terms of common industrial process type: open-loop stable; integrating; and unstable, respectively. Correspondingly, control system design and tuning models that follow are presented for single-input-single-output processes. Furthermore, new two-degree-of-freedom control strategies and cascade control system design methods are explored with reference to independently-improving, set-point tracking and load disturbance rejection. Decoupling, multi-loop, and decentralized control techniques for the operation of multiple-input-multiple-output processes are also detailed. Perfect tracking of a desire output trajectory is realized using iterative learning control in uncertain industrial batch processes. All the proposed methods are presented in an easy-to-follow style, illustrated by examples and practical applications. This book will be valuable for researchers in system identification and control theory, and will also be of interest to graduate control students from process, chemical, and electrical engineering backgrounds and to practising control engineers in the process industry.

Industrial Process Identification and Control Design is devoted to advanced identification and control methods for the operation of continuous-time processes both with and without time delay, in industrial and chemical engineering practice. The simple and practical step- or relay-feedback test is employed when applying the proposed identification techniques, which are classified in terms of common industrial process type: open-loop stable; integrating; and unstable, respectively. Correspondingly, control system design and tuning models that follow are presented for single-input-single-output processes. Furthermore, new two-degree-of-freedom control strategies and cascade control system design methods are explored with reference to independently-improving, set-point tracking and load disturbance rejection. Decoupling, multi-loop, and decentralized control techniques for the operation of multiple-input-multiple-output processes are also detailed. Perfect tracking of a desire output trajectory is realized using iterative learning control in uncertain industrial batch processes. All the proposed methods are presented in an easy-to-follow style, illustrated by examples and practical applications. This book will be valuable for researchers in system identification and control theory, and will also be of interest to graduate control students from process, chemical, and electrical engineering backgrounds and to practising control engineers in the process industry.