Thomas Piketty

Den perfekte introduksjonen til Thomas Pikettys ideer. Vår tids fremste økonom og ekspert på ulikhet presenterer en kort men gjennomgripende, og overraskende optimistisk historie om menneskets vei mot likhet. Det er en utvikling som har gått sin gang tross kriser, katastrofer og tilbakeslag. Det er lett å være pessimist når det kommer til ulikhet. Vi vet at den har økt i flere deler av verden i løpet av de siste to generasjonene. Ingen har gjort mer for å sette søkelys på problemet enn Piketty. I dette overraskende og virkningsfulle nye verket, minner han oss om at verdenshistoriens store linjer gir grunn til optimisme. Over århundrer har vi beveget oss i retning av større likhet. Den franske stjerneøkonomen tar oss gjennom de store driverne av utvikling som har formet den moderne verden: kapitalismens vekst, revolusjoner, imperialisme, slaveri, kriger, og utviklingen av velferdsstaten. Det er en historie om vold, og om kamp for sosial rettferdighet, forsterket av regresjon og katastrofer. Men tross alt dette, hevder Piketty, har våre samfunn beveget seg mot en mer rettferdig fordeling av inntekt og formue, mindre forskjeller mellom kjønn og rase, og en bredere tilgang til helsehjelp og utdanning. Veien videre er en endeløs kamp mot urettferdighet. Det som står på spill, er livskvaliteten til milliarder av mennesker. Vi vet vi kan bedre, fastslår Piketty. Fortiden viser oss hvordan. Hvordan det blir i fremtiden, er opp til oss.

A chronicle of recent events that have shaken the world, from the author of Capital in the Twenty-First Century “What makes this manifesto noteworthy is that it comes from . . . an economist who gained his reputation as a researcher with vaguely left-of-center sensibilities but was far from a radical. Yet the times are such . . . that even honest moderates are driven to radical remedies.”—Robert Kuttner, New York Times As a correspondent for the French newspaper Le Monde, world-renowned economist Thomas Piketty has documented the rise and fall of Trump, the drama of Brexit, Emmanuel Macron’s ascendance to the French presidency, the unfolding of a global pandemic, and much else besides, always from the perspective of his fight for a more equitable world. This collection brings together those articles and is prefaced by an extended introductory essay, in which Piketty argues that the time has come to support an inclusive and expansive conception of socialism as a counterweight against the hypercapitalism that defines our current economic ideology. These essays offer a first draft of history from one of the world’s leading economists and public figures, detailing the struggle against inequalities and tax evasion, in favor of a federalist Europe and a globalization more respectful of work and the environment.

”Hvis man i 1990 havde fortalt mig, at jeg i 2020 ville udgive en samling essays med titlen Mod en ny socialisme, ville jeg have opfattet det som en dårlig vittighed.” Sådan begynder Thomas Piketty forordet til denne essaysamling. Men i en tid hvor hyperkapitalismen er gået alt for vidt, er det måske på tide at formulere en ny form for socialisme, som er føderal og demokratisk, grøn, multikulturel og feministisk. Henover de seneste fire år har Thomas Piketty delt sine analyser gennem essays i Le Monde og på sin blog om alt fra den amerikanske valgkamp i 2016 over Brexit til COVID-19-krisen. I Mod en ny socialisme foreligger disse essays for første gang samlet med et nyskrevet forord og forklarende grafik. Bogen giver en unik indgang til en af vor tids største intellektuelles tænkning og vedvarende kamp mod ulighed. THOMAS PIKETTY (født 1971) er professor ved École d’économie de Paris, som han i 2006 var med til at etablere. Han er forfatter til bestsellerne Kapitalen i det 21. århundrede (2013) og Kapital og ideologi (2019). Anmeldelser:"For dem, der gerne vil skabe sig et overblik over Thomas Pikettys tænkning."- Weekendavisen

"Piketty ger oss hopp genom att envist visa att mer jämlika samhällen alltid är möjliga. Hans två storverk utgör faktiskt redan en reformismens bibel." GÖRAN GREIDER, debattör och författareEtt nytt perspektiv på världshistorien, en svidande kritik av samtidens politik och ett djärvt förslag till ett mer rättvist eko­nomiskt system. Thomas Pikettys bästsäjande Kapitalet i tjugoförsta århundradet revolutionerade den internationella debatten om ojämlik­het. Här utmanar han vårt sätt att se på ideologi, globalisering och samhällsförändring. Piketty beskriver de idéer som har rätt­färdigat ojämlikheten under det senaste årtusendet, kartlägger var dagens ekonomiska och politiska tänkande går vilse och blickar framåt mot en ny politisk världsordning. Därtill är Sverige och den svenska modellen ett återkom­mande exempel i bokens många analyser och iakttagelser. KAPITALET OCH IDEOLOGIN är en omistlig bok för den som på allvar vill förstå samtidens strukturella ojämlikheter -- och hur man kan göra upp med dem en gång för alla." Kapitalet och ideologin är en slösande rik bok, på 1 200 sidor, av världshistoria och samtids­analys, skriven för vanligt folk av en av vår tids största samhällsforskare, ett storverk." AFTONBLADET"Den viktigaste boken att läsa för alla som vill se ett rött 2020-­tal." DANIEL SUHONEN, debattör och författare"Den tog veckor att läsa, men gjorde mig stillsamt lycklig." PER WIRTÉN, Expressen

Den franske stjerneøkonom Thomas Piketty er tilbage med opfølgeren til sin internationale bestseller Kapitalen i det 21. århundrede. Kapital og ideologi er på en gang en genfortælling af verdenshistorien, en skarp kritik af nutidens politik og et dristigt bud på et nyt og mere fair økonomisk system. Som en af verdens førende økonomer har Piketty sat en ny dagsorden for den globale diskussion af kapitalisme, ulighed og politiske styreformer. I Kapitalen i det 21. århundrede dokumenterede han stigningen af ulighed, og hans forskning nåede verden rundt. I dag er mindre ulighed et af de 17 verdensmål. I sin nye bog Kapital og ideologi analyserer han ulighedens historie - og fremhæver hvordan forskellige ideologier har opretholdt uligheden gennem et årtusinde. Bogen giver en række konkrete bud på, hvordan vi kommer uligheden til livs, og er uomgængelig læsning for den, der både vil have en kritisk forståelse af det bestående samfund og et sprog for at tale om en mere retfærdig fremtid. Kapital og ideologi udkom i Frankrig i eftera°ret 2019 til store roser fra ba°de læsere, internationale fagfæller og anmeldere. I Danmark udkom bogen 10. marts simultant med den engelske udgave. Thomas Piketty (f. 1971) er professor ved E´cole d’e´conomie de Paris, som han i 2006 var med til at etablere. Han er desuden æresdoktor ved Universitetet i Johannesburg og Centennial Professor ved London School of Economics og nævnes ofte som kandidat til Nobelprisen i økonomi. Hans forrige bog Kapitalen i det 21. a°rhundrede (2013) er solgt i 2,5 mio. eksemplarer og udkommer i over 40 lande. »Overrumplende og berigende (...) sætter spørgsma°lstegn ved hele vores etablerede økonomiske viden« - Le Monde »En bemærkelsesværdig klar og dynamisk bog (...)« – Esther Duflo, Nobelprismodtager i Økonomi "disse års bedste samfundsbog” - ?????? i Berlingske "En forrygende gennemgang af verdenshistorien" - Mogens Lykketoft, Dagbladet Information "Venstrefløjens rockstjerne Piketty underbygger sin ulighedskritik med et enormt historisk argument" - Weekendavisen

A New York Times BestsellerAn NPR Best Book of the YearThe epic successor to one of the most important books of the century: at once a retelling of global history, a scathing critique of contemporary politics, and a bold proposal for a new and fairer economic system. Thomas Piketty’s bestselling Capital in the Twenty-First Century galvanized global debate about inequality. In this audacious follow-up, Piketty challenges us to revolutionize how we think about politics, ideology, and history. He exposes the ideas that have sustained inequality for the past millennium, reveals why the shallow politics of right and left are failing us today, and outlines the structure of a fairer economic system. Our economy, Piketty observes, is not a natural fact. Markets, profits, and capital are all historical constructs that depend on choices. Piketty explores the material and ideological interactions of conflicting social groups that have given us slavery, serfdom, colonialism, communism, and hypercapitalism, shaping the lives of billions. He concludes that the great driver of human progress over the centuries has been the struggle for equality and education and not, as often argued, the assertion of property rights or the pursuit of stability. The new era of extreme inequality that has derailed that progress since the 1980s, he shows, is partly a reaction against communism, but it is also the fruit of ignorance, intellectual specialization, and our drift toward the dead-end politics of identity. Once we understand this, we can begin to envision a more balanced approach to economics and politics. Piketty argues for a new “participatory” socialism, a system founded on an ideology of equality, social property, education, and the sharing of knowledge and power. Capital and Ideology is destined to be one of the indispensable books of our time, a work that will not only help us understand the world, but that will change it.

The epic successor to one of the most important books of the century: at once a retelling of global history, a scathing critique of contemporary politics, and a bold proposal for a new and fairer economic systemThomas Piketty's bestselling Capital in the Twenty-First Century galvanized global debate about inequality. In this audacious follow-up, Piketty challenges us to revolutionize how we think about politics, ideology, and history. He exposes the ideas that have sustained inequality for the past millennium, reveals why the shallow politics of right and left are failing us today, and outlines the structure of a fairer economic system. Our economy, Piketty observes, is not a natural fact. Markets, profits, and capital are all historical constructs that depend on choices. Piketty explores the material and ideological interactions of conflicting social groups that have given us slavery, serfdom, colonialism, communism, and hypercapitalism, shaping the lives of billions. He concludes that the great driver of human progress over the centuries has been the struggle for equality and education, and not, as often argued, the assertion of property rights or the pursuit of stability. The new era of extreme inequality that has derailed that progress since the 1980s, he shows, is partly a reaction against communism, but it is also the fruit of ignorance, intellectual specialization, and our drift toward the dead-end politics of identity. Once we understand this, we can begin to envision a more balanced approach to economics and politics. Piketty argues for a new "participatory" socialism, a system founded on an ideology of equality, social property, education, and the sharing of knowledge and power. Capital and Ideology is destined to be one of the indispensable books of our time, a work that will not only help us understand the world, but that will change it.

The epic successor to one of the most important books of the century: at once a retelling of global history, a scathing critique of contemporary politics, and a bold proposal for a new and fairer economic systemThomas Piketty's bestselling Capital in the Twenty-First Century galvanized global debate about inequality. In this audacious follow-up, Piketty challenges us to revolutionize how we think about politics, ideology, and history. He exposes the ideas that have sustained inequality for the past millennium, reveals why the shallow politics of right and left are failing us today, and outlines the structure of a fairer economic system. Our economy, Piketty observes, is not a natural fact. Markets, profits, and capital are all historical constructs that depend on choices. Piketty explores the material and ideological interactions of conflicting social groups that have given us slavery, serfdom, colonialism, communism, and hypercapitalism, shaping the lives of billions. He concludes that the great driver of human progress over the centuries has been the struggle for equality and education, and not, as often argued, the assertion of property rights or the pursuit of stability. The new era of extreme inequality that has derailed that progress since the 1980s, he shows, is partly a reaction against communism, but it is also the fruit of ignorance, intellectual specialization, and our drift toward the dead-end politics of identity. Once we understand this, we can begin to envision a more balanced approach to economics and politics. Piketty argues for a new "participatory" socialism, a system founded on an ideology of equality, social property, education, and the sharing of knowledge and power. Capital and Ideology is destined to be one of the indispensable books of our time, a work that will not only help us understand the world, but that will change it.

An all-star cast of scholars and politicians from Europe and America propose and debate the creation of a new European parliament with substantial budgetary and legislative power to solve the crisis of governance in the Eurozone and promote social and fiscal justice and public investment. The European Union is struggling. The rise of Euroskeptic parties in member states, economic distress in the south, the migrant crisis, and Brexit top the news. But deeper structural problems may be a greater long-term peril. Not least is the economic management of the Eurozone, the nineteen countries that use the Euro. How can this be accomplished in a way generally acceptable to members, given a political system whose structures are routinely decried for a lack of democratic accountability? How can the EU promote fiscal and social justice while initiating the long-term public investments that Europe needs to overcome stagnation? These are the problems a distinguished group of European and American scholars set out to solve in this short but valuable book. Among many longstanding grievances is the charge that Eurozone policies serve large and wealthy countries at the expense of poorer nations. It is also unclear who decides economic policy, how the interests of diverse member states are balanced, and to whom the decision-makers are accountable. The four lead authors-Stephanie Hennette, Thomas Piketty, Guillaume Sacriste, and Antoine Vauchez-describe these and other problems, and respond with a draft treaty establishing a parliament for economic policy, its members drawn from national parliaments. We then hear from invited critics, who express support, objections, or alternative ideas. How to Democratize Europe offers a chance to observe how major thinkers view some of the Continent's most pressing issues and attempt to connect democratic reform with concrete changes in economic and social policies.

A landmark in contemporary social science, this pioneering work by Thomas Piketty explains the facts and dynamics of income inequality in France in the twentieth century. On its publication in French in 2001, it helped launch the international program led by Piketty and others to explore the grand patterns and causes of global inequality—research that has since transformed public debate. Appearing here in English for the first time, this stunning achievement will take its place alongside Capital in the Twenty-First Century as a modern classic of economic analysis. Top Incomes in France in the Twentieth Century is essential in part because of Piketty’s unprecedented efforts to uncover, untangle, and present in clear form data about patterns in tax and inheritance in France dating back to 1900. But it is also an exceptional work of analysis, tracking and explaining with Piketty’s characteristically lucid prose the effects of political conflict, war, and social change on the economic pressures and public policies that determined the lives of millions. A work of unusual intellectual power and ambition, Top Incomes in France in the Twentieth Century is a vital resource for anyone concerned with the economic, political, and social history of France, and it is central to ongoing debates about social justice, inequality, taxation, and the evolution of capitalism around the world.

A New York Times #1 BestsellerAn Amazon #1 BestsellerA Wall Street Journal #1 BestsellerA USA Today BestsellerA Sunday Times BestsellerA Guardian Best Book of the 21st CenturyWinner of the Financial Times and McKinsey Business Book of the Year AwardWinner of the British Academy MedalFinalist, National Book Critics Circle Award“It seems safe to say that Capital in the Twenty-First Century, the magnum opus of the French economist Thomas Piketty, will be the most important economics book of the year—and maybe of the decade.”—Paul Krugman, New York Times“The book aims to revolutionize the way people think about the economic history of the past two centuries. It may well manage the feat.”—The Economist“Piketty’s Capital in the Twenty-First Century is an intellectual tour de force, a triumph of economic history over the theoretical, mathematical modeling that has come to dominate the economics profession in recent years.”—Steven Pearlstein, Washington Post“Piketty has written an extraordinarily important book…In its scale and sweep it brings us back to the founders of political economy.”—Martin Wolf, Financial Times“A sweeping account of rising inequality…Piketty has written a book that nobody interested in a defining issue of our era can afford to ignore.”—John Cassidy, New Yorker“Stands a fair chance of becoming the most influential work of economics yet published in our young century. It is the most important study of inequality in over fifty years.”—Timothy Shenk, The Nation

The return of the best-selling, award-winning economist extraordinaire With the same powerful evidence, and range of reference, as his global bestseller Capital in the Twenty-First Century - and in columns of 700 words, rather than 700 pages - Chronicles sets out Thomas Piketty's analysis of the financial crisis, what has happened since and where we should go from here. Tackling a wider range of subjects than in Capital, from productivity in Britain to Barack Obama, it comprises the very best of his writing for Liberation from the past ten years. Now, translated into English for the first time, it will further cement Piketty's reputation as the world's leading thinker today.

Den franske nationalekonomen Thomas Pikettys Kapitalet i tjugoförsta århundradet är en av de internationellt mest upp­märksammade och hyllade politisk-ekonomiska böckerna som utkommit de senaste decennierna och har jämförts med Karl Marx och John Maynard Keynes mest kända verk. Tillväxten är det stigande tidvatten som lyfter alla båtar. Så kan den teori formuleras som väglett väst­världens ekono­mer och politiker i många år. Ekonomiska klyftor har ­ansetts vara av mindre intresse, eftersom man varit så övertygad om att marknaden i slutändan kommer att ställa allt till rätta. På senare tid har emellertid en rad forskare framträtt som ifråga­sätter detta synsätt. En av dem är Thomas Piketty. I sin bok Kapitalet i tjugo­första århund­ra­det visar han, med statistik från tjugo länder och fyra århundraden, hur en allt större ojäm­likhet vad gäller förmögenhet och inkomst har vuxit fram tvärtemot förutsägelser­na om att välståndet skulle komma alla till del. Efter några lyckliga decennier i mitten 1900-talet då ojämlikheten mins­kade är den idag för flera länder tillbaka på nivåer som inte setts sedan 1930-talet eller rentav 1800-talet. Starka ekonomiska krafter verkar dessutom för att ojäm­­lik­he­ten kommer att fortsätta att öka, något som i förlängningen kan innebära ett hot mot demokratin och de värderingar om social rättvisa den är grundad på. Men det finns också möjliga motkrafter, där en politisk inriktning mot att återupprätta någon form av demokratisk kontroll över kapitalismen, kan spela en viktig roll. Kapitalet i tjugoförsta århundradet är ett ovärderligt bidrag för att förstå de mäktiga ekonomiska mekanismer som styr våra moderna sam­hällen. Den är också ett tungt argument för varför jämlikhetsfrågan måste återfå sin centrala plats i varje diskussion om hur framtidens sociala liv ska se ut. OM FÖRFATTAREN Thomas Piketty, född 1971, är en fransk national­eko­nom specia­li­serad på ojämlikhet i fördelning av inkomst och förmögenhet. Han är professor vid École des Hautes Études en Sciences Sociales, Paris School of Economics och London School of Economics. OM BOKEN "Thomas Piketty är inte något känt namn, men det kommer kanske att förändras genom publiceringen av hans storartade och förkrossande betraktelse om ojämlikhet, Kapitalet i tjugoförsta århundradet. Piketty har skrivit en i sanning enastående bok. Det är ett verk som förenar stor historisk överblick - när hörde du senaste en ­ekonom åberopa Jane Austen och Balzac? - med omsorgsfull analys av data. Och fastän Piketty gör sig lustig över den nationalekonomiska professionen för dess barnsliga passion för matematik, så underbygger han sin egen diskussion med en ekonomisk modell som är något av ett konststycke, ett angreppssätt som integrerar analys av ekonomisk tillväxt med fördelningen av inkomst och förmögenhet. Det här är en bok som kommer att förändra både hur vi ser på samhället och den nationalekonomiska praktiken." Paul Krugman i New York Review of Books "Kapitalet i tjugoförsta århundradet är ett standardverk för en ny tid. En klassiker. Det ekonomiska para­digmskiftet mellan två hårda pärmar. En bok som kommer att influera ekonomer och politiker för lång tid framöver. Ni får ursäkta mitt pretentiösa tonläge, men det här är ett sådan verk. Alla som är intresserade av de stora krafter som formar samhället kommer behöva relatera till Thomas Piketty de närmaste åren. De kommer rentav att behöva läsa Thomas Piketty. Deras smala lycka är att den 700-sidiga boken inte bara är läsbar, utan relativt uppslukande. Genom att upptäcka och sammanställa tidigare aldrig skådad data har Thomas Piketty upptäckt en ny ekonomisk planet. Problemet är bara att det är vår egen." Katrine Kielos (Marçal) i Dagens Nyheter

"Piketty unleashed on real-time economics is a revelation." -- Guardian Thomas Piketty's work has proved that unfettered markets lead to increasing inequality. Without meaningful regulation, capitalist economies will concentrate wealth in an ever smaller number of hands. For years, this critical challenge to democracy has been the focus of Piketty's monthly newspaper columns, which pierce the surface of current events to reveal the economic forces underneath. Why Save the Bankers? brings together selected columns from the period bookended by the September 2008 collapse of Lehman Brothers and the terrorist attacks in Paris in November 2015. In crystalline prose, Piketty examines a wide range of topics, and along the way he decodes the European Union's economic troubles, weighs in on oligarchy in the United States, wonders whether debts actually need to be paid back, and discovers surprising lessons about inequality by examining the career of Steve Jobs. Coursing with insight and flashes of wit, these brief essays offer a view of recent history through the eyes of one of the most influential economic thinkers of our time. ?" Anyone with an interest in politics, monetary policy, or international diplomacy will get a kick out of Piketty's clear discussion." -- Shelf Awareness "If you have been influenced by Piketty's landmark work on inequality, make sure to read this next." -- Naomi Klein, author of The Shock Doctrine and This Changes Everything

Det store, meget omtalte og meget roste værk af den franske økonom Thomas Piketty - om økonomi, kapitalisme, ulighed og demokrati. Uomgængelig som en indgang til at forstå nutidens og fremtidens kapitalisme. Værket er af den amerikanske økonom og nobelprisvinder Paul Krugman blevet kaldt "årets vigtigste bog om økonomi – og muligvis årtiets vigtigste".

We are well aware of the rise of the 1% as the rapid growth of economic inequality has put the majority of the world's wealth in the pockets of fewer and fewer. One much-discussed solution to this imbalance is to significantly increase the rate at which we tax the wealthy. But with an enormous amount of the world's wealth hidden in tax havens in countries like Switzerland, Luxembourg, and the Cayman Islands this wealth cannot be fully accounted for and taxed fairly. No one, from economists to bankers to politicians, has been able to quantify exactly how much of the world's assets are currently hidden until now. Gabriel Zucman is the first economist to offer reliable insight into the actual extent of the world's money held in tax havens. And it's staggering. In The Hidden Wealth of Nations, Zucman offers an inventive and sophisticated approach to quantifying how big the problem is, how tax havens work and are organized, and how we can begin to approach a solution. His research reveals that tax havens are a quickly growing danger to the world economy. In the past five years, the amount of wealth in tax havens has increased over 25% there has never been as much money held offshore as there is today. This hidden wealth accounts for at least $7.6 trillion, equivalent to 8% of the global financial assets of households. Fighting the notion that any attempts to vanquish tax havens are futile, since some countries will always offer more advantageous tax rates than others, as well the counter-argument that since the financial crisis tax havens have disappeared, Zucman shows how both sides are actually very wrong. In The Hidden Wealth of Nations he offers an ambitious agenda for reform, focused on ways in which countries can change the incentives of tax havens. Only by first understanding the enormity of the secret wealth can we begin to estimate the kind of actions that would force tax havens to give up their practices. Zucman's work has quickly become the gold standard for quantifying the amount of the world's assets held in havens. In this concise book, he lays out in approachable language how the international banking system works and the dangerous extent to which the large-scale evasion of taxes is undermining the global market as a whole. If we are to find a way to solve the problem of increasing inequality, The Hidden Wealth of Nations is essential reading.

Kan Europa ta sig ur skuldkrisen? Finns det en framtid för eurosamarbetet? Har den så kallade "trojkan" agerat på rätt sätt? Hur kan EU bromsa en skenande social och ekonomisk ojämlikhet? Det senaste decenniet har varit en omvälvande epok - inte minst sett ur ett europeiskt perspektiv. Den globala finanskrisen och framväxten av populistiska rörelser har inneburit hårda prövningar för ett redan ifrågasatt EU-samarbete. Världen har också krympt till följd av globaliseringen och ingen aktör kan ensam möta utmaningarna vi står inför. Samtidigt präglas vår tid av konflikter, protektionism och kortsiktighet, vilket bakbinder de institutioner till vilka vi sätter vårt hopp. Kan vi rädda Europa? spänner över många teman; utbildningssystemens behov av reformer, skatteparadis och rättvisa skatter, den globala finansmarknaden, USA:s roll i världen, konflikten i Mellanöstern, Kinas framväxt samt EU:s behov av ökad demokrati och samarbete. *Thomas Piketty är professor i nationalekonomi vid Paris School of Economics och författare till Kapitalet i det tjugoförsta århundradet. Kan vi rädda Europa? innehåller ett urval av texter skrivna åren 2005-2015. Thomas Piketty staller helt enkelt andra fragor och lyfter pa stenar som nastan aldrig vidrors i svensk offentlighet. De handlar om makt och om vad politiken kan astadkomma ... Sa kop ett exemplar och skicka efter egen lasning till valfritt statsrad i regeringen. Daniel Suhonen i ExpressenStundom briljanta smakprov pa ekonomisk folkbildning. Svenska DagbladetPiketty stravar efter att rubba sjalva maktbalansen i den skona, hemska varld som vi lever i. Sven-Eric Liedman i SydsvenskanAlla som är intresserade av de stora krafter som formar samhället kommer behöva relatera till Thomas Piketty. Dagens NyheterThomas Piketty har förvandlat vår ekonomiska diskurs; vi kommer aldrig mer att tala om förmögenheter och ojämlikhet som vi har gjort hittills. New York Times