Vineeta Nikhil

Dental materials, used to restore tooth form, function, and integrity, include preventive, restorative, and auxiliary materials. Preventive materials protect against caries, such as fluoride varnishes, while restorative materials repair or replace damaged teeth, like composites and ceramics. Auxiliary materials aid in the fabrication of dental devices but do not become part of the final product, such as impression materials. Historically, dental restorations involved materials like cork, ivory, and metal foils. Over time, materials evolved, moving from gold and silver amalgam to tooth-colored options like composites and ceramics. Despite their development, traditional materials had limitations, such as poor mechanical properties and low biological compatibility. The introduction of smart materials in the 1980s revolutionized dentistry. These materials respond to environmental stimuli like stress, temperature, or pH, making them highly adaptable. Smart materials can be bioinert, bioactive, or bio responsive, with the latter reacting to changes in the environment. Examples include pH-sensitive composites, shape-memory alloys, thermochromic materials, and piezoelectric materials.

As les es nos dentes permanentes podem resultar em complica es cl nicas, apresentando desafios significativos para os m dicos dentistas. Verificou-se que aproximadamente 4 a 24% dos casos apresentam oblitera o do canal pulpar ap s o trauma. O processo de localiza o dos canais ap s metamorfose calcificada e a garantia de uma negocia o bem sucedida at ao seu comprimento total podem potencialmente resultar em problemas iatrog nicos como instrumentos fracturados e perfura o. Este livro examina as causas potenciais da metamorfose calcificada, as suas carater sticas cl nicas e radiogr ficas, e oferece uma vis o sobre a sua gest o.

Une pulpe expos e, soit par la d g n rescence des structures dentinaires due des caries, soit par un traumatisme, aura tendance d clencher des m canismes de protection, savoir une diminution de la perm abilit dentinaire, la formation de dentine tertiaire et une r action inflammatoire et immunitaire. Il existe une relation symbiotique entre la dentine et la pulpe et, par cons quent, la gestion de la pulpe expos e peut tre r alis e par une proc dure de coiffage de la pulpe. L'objectif de toutes les strat gies de traitement de la pulpe vitale est de cr er un tat qui permette la formation d'une barri re de tissu dur et la r cup ration du tissu, en pr servant la fonctionnalit et en garantissant ainsi le maintien long terme d'une dent vitale dans la cavit buccale.

Uma polpa exposta, quer por degenera o das estruturas dentin rias por c rie ou trauma, tender a iniciar mecanismos de protec o que s o, uma diminui o da permeabilidade dentin ria, forma o de dentina terci ria e, uma reac o inflamat ria e imunit ria. Existe uma rela o simbi tica entre a dentina e a polpa e, portanto, a gest o da polpa exposta, pode ser realizada atrav s de um procedimento de limita o da polpa. O objectivo de todas as estrat gias vitais de tratamento da polpa criar um estado que permita a forma o de uma barreira de tecido duro e a recupera o do tecido, preservando a funcionalidade e, portanto, assegurando que um dente vital permanece na cavidade oral a longo prazo.

CBCT is by far the most exciting innovation in the domain ofradiographic imaging. CBCT has gained broad acceptance in dentistryin the last few years. It promises much in the form of accuracy, diagnosis and ease of use. CBCT technology aids in the diagnosis of endodonticpathosis, detection of canal morphology, assessing root and alveolar fractures, analysis of resorptive lesions, identification of pathosis ofnon-endodontic origin, pre-surgical and post-operative assessment. Because accurate diagnostic information lead to better clinicaloutcomes, CBCT proves to be an invaluable tool in the modernendodontic practice. Therefore, it can be said that CBCT is atechnology with potential for providing the dental profession with a newimaging alternative to conventional IOPA's /OPG's and with so manyadded advantages. Hence, CBCT will contribute in a significant mannerto imaging in the future also