Weilong Kong

The authors describe how Russia's armed presence in Africa has changed from mid-2023 to September 2024. The authors seek to identify where Russian mercenaries have a presence in Africa, what types of activities they perform, and the resulting implications of mercenaries' use for African governments, economies, and civilian populations. The authors also analyze African publics' sentiment regarding Russian mercenaries and Russia itself.

The authors provide an overview of California's rulemaking process for executive branch agencies and guidelines for conducting standardized regulatory impact assessments for major regulations. They also provide guidance on economic impact assessment methodologies and technical approaches for assessing the impacts of future proposed regulations.

Since about 2000, the world has been in a period that mixes some aspects of modern life and a much more substantial attenuation of others and features weakening states, fragmenting societies, imbalanced economies, pervasive threats, and the informalization of warfare. This report examines how the U. S.-China rivalry might unfold in this neomedieval era. Many theories about why and how great powers compete will need to be reconsidered.