Wolfgang Wagner

According to a widely shared notion, foreign affairs are exempted from democratic politics, i.e. party-political divisions are overcome-and should be overcome-for the sake of a common national interest. This book shows that this is not the case. Examining votes in the US Congress and several European parliaments, the book demonstrates that contestation over foreign affairs is barely different from contestation over domestic politics. Analyses of a new collection of deployment votes, of party manifestos, and of expert survey data show that political parties differ systematically over foreign policy and military interventions in particular. The left/right divide is the best guide to the pattern of party-political contestation: support is weakest at the far left of the spectrum and increases as one moves along the left/right axis to green, social democratic, liberal and conservative parties; amongst parties of the far right, support is again weaker than amongst parties of the centre. An analysis of parliamentary debates in Canada, Germany, and the United Kingdom about the interventions in Afghanistan and against Daesh in Iraq and Syria shows that political parties also differ systematically in how they frame the use of force abroad. For example, parties on the right tend to frame their country's participation in the US-led missions in terms of national security and national interests whereas parties on the left tend to engage in 'spiral model thinking', i.e. they critically reflect on the unintended consequences of the use of force in fuelling the conflicts with the Taliban and Daesh.

This book contains steam tables for practical industrial use calculated by using the international standard IAPWS-IF97 for the thermodynamic properties of water and steam and the IAPWS industrial standards for transport and other properties. The complete set of equations of IAPWS-IF97 is presented including all supplementary backward equations adopted by IAPWS for fast calculations of heat cycles, boilers, and steam turbines. The calculation of the properties is not only shown for the usual input parameter pairs pressure and temperature, but also for the parameters pressure and enthalpy, pressure and entropy, enthalpy and entropy. It is for the first time that such a description is given. For designing advanced energy conversion processes, tables and property calculation algorithms of steam up to 2000 °C are given. In addition, these steam tables contain the following features: • Formulas to calculate arbitrary partial derivatives of the eight most important properties from IAPWS-IF97, which are very helpful in non-stationary process modelling, are shown.• The uncertainty values of IAPWS-IF97 regarding the most important properties are included.• Pressure-temperature diagrams with isolines of 26 thermodynamic, transport and other properties are added.

In verst ndlicher Sprache und alle Fachbegriffe erkl rend folgt einem knappen Blick ber den normalen Stoffwechsel sehr viel "rezeptierbare Praxis" aller Facetten der medizinisch fundierten Ern hrung Gesunder, vor allem aber Kranker. Wunschkost, Vollkost, einige Di ten, Trink- und Sondennahrung sowie alle Varianten an Infusionen und intraven ser Ern hrung werden er rtert, alle Arten von Sonden zur Nahrungszufuhr sowie alle ven sen Zug nge sind dargestellt. Immer steht der klinische Blick "an der Bettkante" im Zentrum der berlegungen, daher wird auch der Ablauf einer guten Visite geschildert sowie eine Differentialdiagnostik der wichtigsten Symptome und Laborbefunde, vor allem soweit sie ern hrungsbedingte Ursachen haben. Trotz aller wissenschaftlicher Belege f r das Geschriebene scheut der Verfasser aber auch nicht den skeptischen Kommentar, wo er ihm angebracht scheint.

In verst ndlicher Sprache und alle Fachbegriffe erkl rend folgt einem knappen Blick ber den normalen Stoffwechsel sehr viel "rezeptierbare Praxis" aller Facetten der medizinisch fundierten Ern hrung Gesunder, vor allem aber Kranker. Wunschkost, Vollkost, einige Di ten, Trink- und Sondennahrung sowie alle Varianten an Infusionen und intraven ser Ern hrung werden er rtert, alle Arten von Sonden zur Nahrungszufuhr sowie alle ven sen Zug nge sind dargestellt. Immer steht der klinische Blick "an der Bettkante" im Zentrum der berlegungen, daher wird auch der Ablauf einer guten Visite geschildert sowie eine Differentialdiagnostik der wichtigsten Symptome und Laborbefunde, vor allem soweit sie ern hrungsbedingte Ursachen haben. Trotz aller wissenschaftlicher Belege f r das Geschriebene scheut der Verfasser aber auch nicht den skeptischen Kommentar, wo er ihm angebracht scheint.

Steam tables for practical industrial use are presented which have been calculated using the international standard for the thermodynamic properties of water and steam, the IAPWS-IF97 formulation, and the international standards for transport and other properties. In addition, the complete set of equations of IAPWS-IF97 is presented including all supplementary backward equations adopted by IAPWS between 2001 and 2005 for fast calculations of heat cycles, boilers, and steam turbines. For the first time these steam tables contain the following features: Formulas to calculate from IAPWS-IF97 arbitrary partial derivatives of the eight most important properties; this is very helpful in non-stationary process modelling. Inclusion of the specific enthalpy and enthalpy differences into the uncertainty values of IPWS-IF97 regarding the most important properties. Pressure-temperature diagrams with isolines of all properties contained in the steam tables and further properties. Moreover,a Mollier h-s diagram and a T-s diagram are enclosed as full-colour wall charts in A1-format.

The book gives an outline of prevailing hydrogeologic conditions in the Arab Middle East together with the geologic background. Emphasis is given to relationships between the main features influencing the hydrogeologic conditions - regional geologic developments, paleogeographic conditions, morphology, climate and paleo-climate - and the resulting hydrogeologic features: formation of aquifers, distribution of major aquifers, main groundwater flow systems, occurrence of renewable and fossil groundwater. Reported data on hydraulic aquifer parameters, recharge rates and groundwater flow volumes are evaluated with a view to arrive at characteristic values under the specific hydrogeologic and climatic conditions. The area considered covers approximately the Arabian Plate. Information on the following countries is included: Bahrain, Iraq, Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Syria, United Arab Emirates, West Bank and Gaza, Yemen.

This Brief looks at the illustrative case of the Hindu-Muslim conflict in India, with the aim of understanding the dynamics of lived secularism as it exists in traditional multi-faith societies such as India. The data analyzed in this Brief comprise many interviews, conducted amidst Hindus and Muslims, with respondents of both sexes living in slum and middle class regions in the city of Mumbai. The volume begins by giving a brief summary of the historical and cultural background to the present situation in India. It then traces complementarities and similarities of opinions across diverse constituencies which cluster around three main anchoring points: communication, re-presentations and operationalizing of a shared dream. The first point explores the need to understand and to be understood, encourages processes of mutual acculturation, and describes the sensitive decoding of cultural symbols such as dress codes. The second point discusses changes in mind sets and mutual perceptions, where Muslims and Islam are portrayed in a balanced way and exploitation of religion for political purposes is stopped. The third main point is the involvement of the common, regular person, and a focus on children, as the unifying hope for the future. Throughout the volume, emphasis is on moral maturation, cultural interpretation in lieu of cultural imposition and creation of a sensitive media policy. The issues raised may help craft interdisciplinary and international frameworks, which address conflict resolution in culturally diverse multi-faith societies. Accordingly, the book concludes with policy recommendations for supporting the peaceful coexistence of secularism and religion in society from a peace psychological perspective.

The book gives an outline of prevailing hydrogeologic conditions in the Arab Middle East together with the geologic background. Emphasis is given to relationships between the main features influencing the hydrogeologic conditions - regional geologic developments, paleogeographic conditions, morphology, climate and paleo-climate - and the resulting hydrogeologic features: formation of aquifers, distribution of major aquifers, main groundwater flow systems, occurrence of renewable and fossil groundwater. Reported data on hydraulic aquifer parameters, recharge rates and groundwater flow volumes are evaluated with a view to arrive at characteristic values under the specific hydrogeologic and climatic conditions. The area considered covers approximately the Arabian Plate. Information on the following countries is included: Bahrain, Iraq, Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Syria, United Arab Emirates, West Bank and Gaza, Yemen.

Stochastic numerical methods play an important role in large scale computations in the applied sciences. The first goal of this book is to give a mathematical description of classical direct simulation Monte Carlo (DSMC) procedures for rarefied gases, using the theory of Markov processes as a unifying framework. The second goal is a systematic treatment of an extension of DSMC, called stochastic weighted particle method. This method includes several new features, which are introduced for the purpose of variance reduction (rare event simulation). Rigorous convergence results as well as detailed numerical studies are presented.

Thinking and talking in everyday life differs from thinking and talking in more formal contexts, and that difference is not always taken into account in social psychology. What is needed is an approach that sets the man and woman in the street as competent actors in their own right, rather than just pinpointing their alleged cognitive shortcomings. This book proposes the theory of Social Representations, which allows us to articulate collective and individual psychological processes, as a solution. The text begins with a general analysis of everyday thinking in psychology, discussing research into socio-political, popular scientific and cultural systems of common-sense. The theory is presented through both classic and contemporary research into the construction of the social world, from the individual level of representations as metaphors, images and cognitive structures, to collective phenomena such as dialogue, discourse and shared understandings. The concluding chapters cover epistemological and methodological developments in the field. This book is the first comprehensive, integrative and book-length treatment of Moscovici's Theory of Social Representations in the English language.

Stochastic numerical methods play an important role in large scale computations in the applied sciences. The first goal of this book is to give a mathematical description of classical direct simulation Monte Carlo (DSMC) procedures for rarefied gases, using the theory of Markov processes as a unifying framework. The second goal is a systematic treatment of an extension of DSMC, called stochastic weighted particle method. This method includes several new features, which are introduced for the purpose of variance reduction (rare event simulation). Rigorous convergence results as well as detailed numerical studies are presented.

Dieses Arbeitsbuch führt Schritt für Schritt in das dreidimensionale Konstruieren mit dem Softwareprodukt I-DEAS ein. Aufgrund der besonderen Konzeption eignet es sich besonders zum Selbststudium: Vor jedem Beispiel wird der Inhalt der Übung, eine isometrische Darstellung des Beispiels, ein Grob-Ablaufplan, die Lernziele und die technische Zeichnung vorgestellt. Es wurde ein durchgängiges Beispiel gewählt, um die verschiedenen Modellierungstechniken der Einzelteile bis zur Zusammenstellung als Baugruppe aufzuzeigen. Die aktuelle Auflage berücksichtigt den derzeitigen Befehlssatz.

This volume, the second in a mulit-volume history of German aviation, discusses the life work of one of Germany's greatest aircraft designers in pictures, tables, drawings and in his own words discussing flight testing of his airplanes. Examined are the birth of Focke-Wulf's airplanes, the ideas and thinking which formed the foundation of Tank's designs, his masterpieces in the areas of long-range and high-speed flight as well as flight test results. The reader experiences the metamorphosis of an aircraft design from the first pencil line on the drawing board to the screaming, nearly supersonic dives during its evaluation phase. Tank would only entrust to civilian pilots, military flyers and the captains of the Lufthansa fleet those designs whose superior flying characteristics, stability, and flawless stall handling he had been able to experience first hand. A mixture of technical history, flight testing and previously unpublished data enable the reader to catch a fascinating glimpse of the aircraft built during the 1930s and 1940s, not to mention the outstanding designs Tank worked on in other countries following the war. All of the classic Focke-Wulf aircraft are to be found: the well-known Fw 200, Fw 190, Ta 152, and Ta 154, as well as the lesser known Fw 57, Fw 187, Fw 189 and others.

This book, the first in a multi-volume history of German aviation, provides a comprehensive and detailed analysis of of jet aircraft design and development in Germany. The solid description, unique photo material, historical documents, numerous drawings and complete data tables – published for the first time – make this book not only a gripping story but also an indispensable reference work for anyone with an interest in the development of aviation. In August 1939 in Germany a small propellerless aircraft took off on its maiden flight under conditions of utmost secrecy: the world’s first jet aircraft. Apart from Ernst Heinkel, Hans Joachim Pabst von Ohain (inventor of the turbojet engine) and a small circle of their co-workers, no one suspected the profound effect that the successful flight of the tiny He 178 would have on aviation. Spurred on by Heinkel’s success, very high speed aircraft were also put into the air by Messerschmitt, Arado and Junkers. On the other hand the designers of jet engines initially encountered almost insuperable problems, for in wartime high-quality raw materials such as nickel, cobalt and molybdenum were unobtainable and substitute materials had to be used in their place. But the designers, who were rushing ahead with their own projects, found a way around this with the help of experienced test pilots: in 1940 the Heinkel 280, the first twin-engined jet aircraft, was flown without engines as a towed glider; Messerschmitt installed an auxiliary piston engine in the nose of its twin-engined Me 262; Arado equipped its twin-engined Ar 234 with jet engines intended for ground tests only. The test pilots became accustomed to landing on just one working engine or none at all. In spite of shortages of strategic materials and the use of replacements, jet engines reached the production stage by the end of the war. But it was only possible to put small numbers of the very high speed aircraft into service, too late to have any decisive effect on the war. The development work on these first jet aircraft led to a tremendous technological leap forward; it was the beginning of advanced technology in aircraft design.

Entsprechend der Zielsetzung der "Reihe Wissen- schaft A" beabsichtigt das vorliegende Bandchen nicht, mit den in groesserer Zahl vorhandenen Lehrbuchern, Monographien und UEbersichten in Konkurrenz .zu treten. Es wurde vielmehr versucht, das Gesamtgebiet der che- mischen Thermodynamik sowohl hinsichtlich der theore- tischen Grundlagen als auch der experimentellen Ver- fahren und der praktischen Anwendung der Ergebnisse in Form einer zusammengedrangten UEbersicht darzustel- len. Diesem Bemuhen lag die Konzeption zugrunde, dem Leser einmal einen Gesamtuberblick uber das zweifellos zu den wichtigsten Grundpfeilern der modernen Chemie gehoerende Gebiet zu verschaffen, zum anderen ihn in die Lage zu versetzen, die Stellung seiner eigenen Proble- me und Aufgaben klar zu erkennen, um hiervon ausgehend zu ausfuhrlicheren Darstellungen vorzustossen. Dabei beschrankt sich die Darlegung bewusst auf die "klassische" chemische Thermodynamik und gibt lediglich Hinweise auf Teilgebiete, die auf speziellen Grundlagen aufbauen, wie z. B. die statistische Thermodynamik. Infolge des besonderen Charakters dieses Bandchens als Teil einer Buchreihe war es naturlich nicht moeglich, auf alle wesentlichen Seiten und Aspekte der chemischen Ener- getik und Gleichgewichtslehre mit dem vielleicht notwen- digen Nachdruck hinzuweisen. Das vorliegende Bandchen entstand auf der Grundlage der Vorlesung meines verehrten Lehrers, Herrn Prof. Dr.-Ing. habil., Dr. rer. nat. h. c. KuRT ScHWABE, dem ich fur die Erlaubnis zur Benutzung dieser Vorlage sowie seine standige Foerderung auch an dieser Stelle danke.