Xu Liu

This book systematically investigates the Mars entry problem from the perspectives of deterministic optimization, uncertainty optimization, and guidance. Began with a detailed review of the robotic missions and human-scaled exploration plans to Mars, theories or concepts of optimal control, uncertainty quantification, robust optimization, model predictive control, sequential convex programming, and computational guidance are subsequently introduced. Correspondingly, this book presents a series of trajectory planning and guidance algorithms to improve the robustness, reliability, and safety of the Mars missions. Because the Mars entry problem is studied using advanced mathematics, including probability theory, optimization theory, and cybernetics, thus the book is primarily designed as a textbook for graduate students in aerospace engineering, aeronautics, and astronautics departments. Engineers and researchers may also use this book as a reference or tutorial to help with the modeling and simulation of the Mars entry problem due to its thorough simulations and analyses.

Liu and Cowan offer a unique in-depth study of educational development and social transformation in rural China. It foregrounds identifiable settings and personalities, engaging readers with the voices and experiences of people who are involved with the education system. This book explores the link between educational transformation and local economic regeneration. The research covers important phases of the educational development programme outlined by the County’s tow five-year education plans. It records a wide range of perspectives on Chinese rural education from stakeholders engaged with the education service. It reveals the contingent and different factors that lie behind the complex pattern of the educational development process. This research also illustrates how education policy is administered and driven forward through the local officers working closely with school leaders. This intriguing look at rural Chinese educational development will interest academics and students specializing in the study of education and international development, Chinese education and society, education policy studies and modern China studies

This book systematically investigates the Mars entry problem from the perspectives of deterministic optimization, uncertainty optimization, and guidance. Began with a detailed review of the robotic missions and human-scaled exploration plans to Mars, theories or concepts of optimal control, uncertainty quantification, robust optimization, model predictive control, sequential convex programming, and computational guidance are subsequently introduced. Correspondingly, this book presents a series of trajectory planning and guidance algorithms to improve the robustness, reliability, and safety of the Mars missions. Because the Mars entry problem is studied using advanced mathematics, including probability theory, optimization theory, and cybernetics, thus the book is primarily designed as a textbook for graduate students in aerospace engineering, aeronautics, and astronautics departments. Engineers and researchers may also use this book as a reference or tutorial to help with the modeling and simulation of the Mars entry problem due to its thorough simulations and analyses.

This book investigates the form and features of governance and the factors that shape governance in practice in private universities in China. Building on an exploration of the growth of private universities in China after the Communist Party took over the power, the study examines the specific context in China, including the role of the Communist Party, and integrates with shareholders and senior managers to achieve its governance role. It shows that two distinct forms of institutional governance have developed, namely the supervision form and the managerial form. While external policies provide an impetus for change for each university, how key actors in institutional governance understand these policies have significant effect on how the policies are implemented. This can result in change that can be viewed as either symbolic alteration or as operational change. The internal factors that act to shape institutional governance mainly relate to the different developmental stages of theprivate university, the characteristics of shareholders and senior managers, and the various ways the universities respond to the external policy.

This book investigates the form and features of governance and the factors that shape governance in practice in private universities in China. Building on an exploration of the growth of private universities in China after the Communist Party took over the power, the study examines the specific context in China, including the role of the Communist Party, and integrates with shareholders and senior managers to achieve its governance role. It shows that two distinct forms of institutional governance have developed, namely the supervision form and the managerial form. While external policies provide an impetus for change for each university, how key actors in institutional governance understand these policies have significant effect on how the policies are implemented. This can result in change that can be viewed as either symbolic alteration or as operational change. The internal factors that act to shape institutional governance mainly relate to the different developmental stages of theprivate university, the characteristics of shareholders and senior managers, and the various ways the universities respond to the external policy.

Liu and Cowan offer a unique in-depth study of educational development and social transformation in rural China. It foregrounds identifiable settings and personalities, engaging readers with the voices and experiences of people who are involved with the education system. This book explores the link between educational transformation and local economic regeneration. The research covers important phases of the educational development programme outlined by the County’s tow five-year education plans. It records a wide range of perspectives on Chinese rural education from stakeholders engaged with the education service. It reveals the contingent and different factors that lie behind the complex pattern of the educational development process. This research also illustrates how education policy is administered and driven forward through the local officers working closely with school leaders. This intriguing look at rural Chinese educational development will interest academics and students specializing in the study of education and international development, Chinese education and society, education policy studies and modern China studies