Ramana Hechhu

Il tratto respiratorio una delle vie pi antiche utilizzate per la somministrazione di farmaci. Negli ultimi decenni la terapia inalatoria si affermata come uno strumento prezioso nella terapia locale di malattie polmonari come l'asma o la BPCO (Broncopneumopatia Cronica Ostruttiva). Questo tipo di applicazione dei farmaci nella terapia di queste malattie una chiara forma di somministrazione mirata ai polmoni. I farmaci utilizzati per l'asma e la BPCO, ad esempio i β2-agonisti come il salbutamolo (albuterolo), il terbutalin formoterolo, i corticosteroidi come la budesonide, il flixotide o il beclometasone e gli stabilizzatori dei mastociti come il cromoglicato di sodio o il nedocromi, sono disponibili come DPI (Dry Powder Inhaler), MDI (Metered Dose Inhaler) e nebulizzatori.

Die Atemwege sind einer der ltesten Verabreichungswege f r Arzneimittel. In den letzten Jahrzehnten hat sich die Inhalationstherapie als wertvolles Instrument f r die lokale Therapie von Lungenkrankheiten wie Asthma oder COPD (chronisch obstruktive Lungenerkrankung) etabliert. Diese Art der Medikamentenanwendung bei der Therapie dieser Krankheiten ist eine klare Form der gezielten Medikamentenabgabe an die Lunge. Die f r Asthma und COPD verwendeten Medikamente, z. B. β-Agonisten wie Salbutamol (Albuterol), Terbutalin-Formoterol, Kortikosteroide wie Budesonid, Flixotid oder Beclomethason und Mastzellstabilisatoren wie Natriumcromoglycat oder Nedocromi sind als DPI (Dry Powder Inhaler), MDI (Metered Dose Inhaler) und Nebulizer erh ltlich.

Les voies respiratoires sont l'une des plus anciennes voies utilis es pour l'administration de m dicaments. Au cours des derni res d cennies, la th rapie par inhalation s'est impos e comme un outil pr cieux dans le traitement local de maladies pulmonaires telles que l'asthme ou la BPCO (bronchopneumopathie chronique obstructive). Ce type d'application de m dicaments dans le traitement de ces maladies est une forme vidente d'administration cibl e de m dicaments aux poumons. Les m dicaments utilis s pour l'asthme et les BPCO, par exemple les β2-agonistes tels que le salbutamol (albut rol), le Terbutalin formoterol, les corticost ro des tels que le budesonide, le Flixotide ou le beclomethasone et les stabilisateurs de mastocytes tels que le cromoglycate de sodium ou le nedocromi, sont disponibles sous forme de DPI (Dry Powder Inhaler), de MDI (Metered Dose Inhaler) et de n buliseurs.

O tracto respirat rio uma das vias mais antigas utilizadas para a administra o de drogas. Nas ltimas d cadas, a terapia inalat ria estabeleceu-se como uma ferramenta valiosa na terapia local de doen as pulmonares como a asma ou DPOC (Doen a Pulmonar Obstrutiva Cr nica). Este tipo de aplica o de f rmacos na terapia destas doen as uma forma clara de administra o de f rmacos direccionados para os pulm es. O f rmaco utilizado para a asma e DPOC, por exemplo - β2-agonistas como o salbutamol (albuterol), formoterol terbutalina, corticoster ides como budesonida, flixotide ou beclomethasona e estabilizadores de mast citos como cromoglicato de s dio ou nedocromi est o dispon veis como DPI (Dry Powder Inhaler), MDI (Metered Dose Inhaler) e Nebulizadores.

The respiratory tract is one of the oldest routes used for the administration of drugs. Over the past decades inhalation therapy has established itself as a valuable tool in the local therapy of pulmonary diseases such as asthma or COPD (Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease). This type of drug application in the therapy of these diseases is a clear form of targeted drug delivery to lungs. The drug used for asthma and COPD eg.- β2-agonists such as salbutamol (albuterol), Terbutalin formoterol, corticosteroids such as budesonide, Flixotide or beclomethasone and mast-cell stabilizers such as sodium cromoglycate or nedocromi are available like DPI (Dry Powder Inhaler), MDI (Metered Dose Inhaler) and Nebulizers

In the present study, Transdermal drug delivery of Ibuprofen was developed to overcome the first pass metabolism and to reduce frequency of dosing compared to oral route. Matrix type of Transdermal patches were developed by using polymers Eudragit-L100, HPMC K4M and HPMC K15M. Transdermal patches were prepared by employing solvent casting method. Propylene glycol and Tween80 were selected as Permeation enhancer and Plasticizer. Formulations were prepared with the varying concentrations polymers ranging from F1-F12, and all the formulations were evaluated for various physical parameters, In-vitro drug release studies by using dialysis membrane. Among all the formulations F6 formulation was found to be best and shown 96.5% drug release in 12 hours. For F6 formulation release kinetics were applied and it was observed that the formulation was following peppas mechanism of drug release. Drug excipient compatibility studies were carried out by using FTIR, and it was observed that they were no interactions.

Die "sublinguale Verabreichung von Medikamenten" beinhaltet traditionell die systemische Verabreichung ber die Schleimhaut des Mundbodens oder die ventrale Oberfl che der Zunge. Die sublinguale Schleimhaut ist aufgrund der lipoiden Beschaffenheit der Schleimhaut mit einer reichen Vaskulatur relativ durchl ssig, was eine schnelle Absorption erm glicht und eine akzeptable Bioverf gbarkeit aufweist. Es ist bequem, erleichtert die einfache Verabreichung und seine F higkeit, den hepatischen First-Pass zu umgehen. Diese Forschung erarbeitet ber die Entwicklung Sublingual" Tabletten von ISBD NT(Isosorbiddinitrat). Im Vergleich zu allen "Formulierungen zeigte ISDN4 eine hohe" prozentuale "Wirkstofffreisetzung, d.h. 97,15 % "in 8 min, so dass es als beste Formulierung angesehen wird, die Pullulan als Super-Desintegrat in der Konzentration von 10 mg enth lt".

La consegna sublinguale di farmaci tradizionalmente" comporta la somministrazione sistemica attraverso la membrana mucosa del pavimento della bocca o la superficie ventrale della lingua. La mucosa sublinguale relativamente permeabile a causa della natura lipoidale della membrana mucosa con una ricca vascolarizzazione, che permette un rapido assorbimento e ha una biodisponibilit accettabile. conveniente, facilita la facilit di somministrazione e la sua capacit di bypassare il primo passaggio epatico. Questa ricerca elaborare circa lo sviluppo Sublingual" compresse di ISBD NT (Isosorbide dinitrato). Rispetto a tutte le "formulazioni ISDN4 ha mostrato un alto" % "rilascio della droga cio , 97,15 % "in 8 min quindi considerato come migliore formulazione che contiene Pullulan come super disintegrato nella concentrazione di 10 mg".

L'administration sublinguale de m dicaments implique traditionnellement une administration syst mique par la muqueuse du plancher buccal ou la surface ventrale de la langue. La muqueuse sublinguale est relativement perm able en raison de la nature lipo dique de la muqueuse et de sa riche vascularisation, ce qui permet une absorption rapide et une biodisponibilit acceptable. Elle est pratique, facilite l'administration et sa capacit contourner le premier passage h patique. Cette recherche porte sur le d veloppement de comprim s sublinguaux de dinitrate d'isosorbide NT (ISBD). Compar toutes les formulations, ISDN4 a montr un pourcentage lev de lib ration du m dicament, c'est- -dire 97,15 % en 8 minutes, et est donc consid r comme la meilleure formulation qui contient du Pullulan sous forme de super-d sint gr la concentration de 10 mg.

A "administra o de drogas sublinguais tradicionalmente" envolve a administra o sist mica atrav s da membrana mucosa do assoalho da boca ou da superf cie ventral da l ngua. A mucosa sublingual relativamente perme vel devido natureza lipoidal da membrana mucosa com uma rica vasculatura, que permite uma r pida absor o e tem uma biodisponibilidade aceit vel. conveniente, facilita a facilidade de administra o e a sua capacidade de contornar a primeira passagem hep tica. Esta pesquisa elabora sobre o desenvolvimento de comprimidos "sublingual" de ISBD NT(dinitrato de isossorbida). Comparado a todas as "formula es ISDN4 mostrou alta" % de "libera o de drogas, ou seja, 97,15% "em 8 minutos, portanto considerado como a melhor formula o que cont m Pullulan como super desintegrador na concentra o de 10 mg".

Podjęzykowe podawanie lek w tradycyjnie" polega na podawaniu og lnoustrojowym przez blonę śluzową dna jamy ustnej lub brzuszną powierzchnię języka. Blona śluzowa podjęzykowa jest stosunkowo przepuszczalna ze względu na lipoidalną naturę blony śluzowej z bogatym unaczynieniem, co umożliwia szybkie wchlanianie i ma akceptowalną biodostępnośc. Jest to wygodne, ulatwia latwośc podawania i jego zdolnośc do ominięcia wątroby pierwszego przejścia. Niniejsze badania dotyczą opracowania "podjęzykowych" tabletek ISBD NT (dinitrat izosorbidu). W por wnaniu do wszystkich "preparat w ISDN4 wykazal wysoki" % "uwalniania leku, tj. 97,15 % "w ciągu 8 minut, więc jest uważany za najlepszy preparat, kt ry zawiera Pullulan jako super disintegrate w stężeniu 10 mg".