Ramesh Raja

La s lection de restaurations en vitroc ramique au disilicate de lithium (LDGC) a consid rablement augment dans le domaine de la dentisterie proth tique. Le mat riau poss de une beaut et une r sistance remarquables et est compos d'un mat riau cristallin aciculaire (70%) noy dans une matrice vitreuse. La translucidit , l'esth tique et les performances cliniques r ussies ont fait de LDGC l'un des mat riaux tout c ramique les plus populaires. Avec la demande croissante de restaurations sans m tal, LDGC r pond l'exigence d'un mat riau poss dant de fortes propri t s m caniques combin es aux propri t s optiques des dents naturelles. La r sistance m canique est l'un des principaux facteurs qui d termine le succ s clinique des restaurations tout c ramique. Des tudes in vitro rapportent une r sistance la flexion de 360 440 MPa et une t nacit la rupture de 2,25 2,75 MPa. Ces chiffres sont faibles par rapport la zircone ou m me l'alumine; cependant, les performances de la vitroc ramique devraient augmenter apr s le mordan age, la silanisation et le collage la dentine pr par e l'aide d'un ciment-r sine adh sif.

La selezione di restauri in vetroceramica al disilicato di litio (LDGC) aumentata in modo significativo nel campo dell'odontoiatria protesica. Il materiale possiede notevole bellezza e forza ed composto da un materiale cristallino aciculare (70%) annegato in una matrice vetrosa. La traslucenza, l'estetica e le prestazioni cliniche di successo hanno reso LDGC uno dei materiali in ceramica integrale pi popolari. Con l'aumento della domanda di restauri privi di metallo, LDGC soddisfa l'esigenza di un materiale che possieda forti propriet meccaniche combinate con le propriet ottiche dei denti naturali. La resistenza meccanica uno dei principali fattori che determinano il successo clinico dei restauri in ceramica integrale. Gli studi in vitro riportano una resistenza alla flessione di 360-440 MPa e una resistenza alla frattura di 2,25-2,75 MPa. Questi numeri sono bassi rispetto alla zirconia o addirittura all'allumina; tuttavia, le prestazioni della vetroceramica dovrebbero aumentare dopo la mordenzatura, la silanizzazione e l'adesione alla dentina preparata utilizzando un cemento resinoso adesivo.

A sele o para restaura es de cer mica v trea de dissilicato de l tio (LDGC) aumentou significativamente no campo da odontologia prot tica. O material possui not vel beleza e resist ncia e composto por um material cristalino acicular (70%) embutido em uma matriz v trea. A translucidez, a est tica e o desempenho cl nico bem-sucedido fizeram do LDGC um dos materiais totalmente cer micos mais populares. Com o aumento da demanda por restaura es livres de metal, o LDGC atende ao requisito de um material que possua fortes propriedades mec nicas combinadas com as propriedades pticas dos dentes naturais. A resist ncia mec nica um dos principais fatores que determinam o sucesso cl nico das restaura es de cer mica pura. Estudos in vitro relatam resist ncia flex o de 360-440 MPa e tenacidade fratura de 2,25-2,75 MPa. Esses n meros s o baixos quando comparados zirc nia ou mesmo alumina; no entanto, o desempenho da vitrocer mica deve aumentar ap s condicionamento cido, silaniza o e ades o dentina preparada usando um cimento resinoso adesivo.

Several materials have been used over the years for the fabrication of removable complete dentures (CD). Bone, wood, ivory, porcelain, metals and polymers have been utilized for the fabrication of CDs with Poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) being the most widely used. The advancement in dental material technology led to the improvement in the fabrication method of PMMA denture bases. Various methods are available for the fabrication of PMMA CD bases using heat, auto, light, microwave polymerization, rapid prototyping or computer numeric control (CNC) milling. Denture base adaptation can be influenced by the amount of polymerization shrinkage that occurs during the processing method of fabrication. CAD/CAM dentures milled from prepolymerized PMMA acrylic resin blocks theoretically have reduced or no polymerization shrinkage. There have been no clinical studies, to date, that have compared retention values between milled and conventionally processed denture bases. CAD/CAM milled denture base (AvaDent). Each denture base was subjected to a vertical pulling force three times at 10-minute intervals.

The restorative needs for the prosthodontic patient frequently require an increase in occlusal vertical dimension (OVD). This may be due to loss of tooth structure and concomitant loss of OVD, supereruption of opposing teeth into edentulous spaces, or for esthetic reasons. It is often difficult to assess whether OVD has truly been lost. Therefore, it may be prudent to focus on whether alteration in OVD is restoratively acceptable. Another consideration for the alteration in OVD is changes in soft tissue profile. In addition to the correct proportions of the teeth, the relationship of the teeth to the lips and gingiva is also an important factor for an esthetic smile. During a normal smile, the upper lip should rest at the level of the mid-facial gingival margins of the maxillary anterior teeth.4 Furthermore, the gingival outline of the maxillary anterior teeth should follow the upper lip line. The incisal edges of the maxillary anterior teeth should follow the curvature of the lower lip. As the vertical dimension of occlusion increases, the distance between the maxilla and the mandible is increased.

Selection for lithium disilicate glass-ceramic (LDGC) restorations have increased significantly in the field of prosthetic dentistry. The material possesses remarkable beauty and strength and is composed of an acicular crystalline material (70%) embedded in a glassy matrix. The translucency, esthetics and successful clinical performance have made LDGC one of the most popular all-ceramic materials. With the increased demand for metal-free restorations, LDGC meets the requirement for a material possessing strong mechanical properties combined with the optical properties of natural teeth. Mechanical strength is one of the main factors that determines the clinical success of all-ceramic restorations. In vitro studies report flexural strength of 360-440 MPa and fracture toughness of 2.25-2.75 MPa. These numbers are low when compared to zirconia or even alumina; however, the performance of glass-ceramic should increase after etching, silanization and bonding to prepared dentin using an adhesive resin cement.

Le protocole chirurgical en deux tapes est le protocole le plus tabli et le plus largement accept en dentisterie implantaire. Le protocole de mise en charge imm diate r duit le nombre de rendez-vous, vite la n cessit d'une seconde chirurgie des tissus mous et permet une restauration provisoire le jour de la pose de l'implant. Les protocoles de mise en charge imm diate et diff r e ont tous deux leurs propres inconv nients et avantages. Les connaissances et les informations sur les protocoles de mise en charge sont tr s importantes pour les cliniciens et les universitaires. Nous pensons que cette revue donnera un aper u des deux principaux protocoles qui r gissent le monde de la dentisterie implantaire.

Das zweistufige implantatchirurgische Protokoll ist das etablierteste und am weitesten akzeptierte Protokoll in der Implantologie. Das Sofortbelastungsprotokoll reduziert die Anzahl der Termine, verhindert die Notwendigkeit einer zweiten Weichgewebeoperation und die provisorische Versorgung am Tag der Implantation sind nur einige der Vorteile. Sowohl das Sofortbelastungsprotokoll als auch das verz gerte Belastungsprotokoll haben ihre eigenen Unzul nglichkeiten, aber auch Vorteile. Das Wissen und die Informationen ber die Belastungsprotokolle sind sowohl f r Kliniker als auch f r Akademiker sehr wichtig. Wir glauben, dass diese bersicht einen Einblick in die beiden wichtigsten Protokolle geben wird, die die Welt der Implantologie beherrschen.

Il protocollo chirurgico implantare in due fasi il protocollo pi consolidato e ampiamente accettato nell'implantologia. Il protocollo di carico immediato riduce il numero di appuntamenti, evita la necessit di una seconda chirurgia dei tessuti molli e il restauro provvisorio il giorno dell'inserimento dell'impianto sono alcuni dei vantaggi da citare tra i tanti. Sia il protocollo a carico immediato che quello a carico ritardato hanno i loro difetti e i loro vantaggi. La conoscenza e le informazioni sui protocolli di carico sono molto importanti sia per i clinici che per gli accademici. Crediamo che questa rassegna fornir una panoramica sui due principali protocolli che governano il mondo dell'implantologia.

O protocolo cir rgico de implantes em duas etapas o protocolo mais estabelecido e amplamente aceito na odontologia de implantes. O protocolo de carga imediata ir reduzir o n mero de consultas, evita a necessidade de uma segunda cirurgia de tecidos moles e a restaura o provis ria no dia da coloca o do implante s o poucas das vantagens a citar entre muitas. Tanto o protocolo de carga imediata como o protocolo de carga retardada t m as suas pr prias falhas, bem como benef cios. O conhecimento e a informa o sobre os protocolos de carga muito importante tanto para os cl nicos como para os acad micos. Acreditamos que esta revis o ir proporcionar uma vis o sobre os dois principais protocolos que regem o mundo da dentisteria de implantes.

The two stage implant surgical protocol is the most established and widely accepted protocol in implant dentistry. The immediate loading protocol will reduce the number of appointments, prevents the need of a second soft tissue surgery and provisional restoration on the day of the implant placement are few of the advantages to name among many. Both the immediate and delayed loading protocols have their own shortcomings as well as benefits. The knowledge and information about the loading protocols is very important for both the clinicians and the academicians. We believe that this review will provide a glimpse about the two main protocols ruling the world of implant dentistry.