Sunil Kumar Mahla

L'huile de coton usag e a t s lectionn e pour la production de biodiesel. Les r sultats de la transest rification ont montr qu'avec la variation du catalyseur et du m thanol, il y avait une variation dans la production de biodiesel. Un maximum de 76 % de biodiesel a t produit avec 20 % de m thanol en pr sence de 1,0 % de KOH. Les r sultats exp rimentaux du moteur ont montr que, parmi les trois diff rents m langes de biodiesel (B10, B15 et B20), le m lange de biodiesel B10 a la valeur la plus lev e des caract ristiques de performance de la puissance de freinage, de l'efficacit thermique de freinage, la valeur la plus basse de la consommation sp cifique de carburant au freinage et de la temp rature des gaz d' chappement. Les r sultats exp rimentaux ont galement montr que les missions de gaz d' chappement, y compris le monoxyde de carbone (CO), les hydrocarbures (HC) et les missions de fum e, ont t r duites pour tous les m langes de biodiesel et les missions d'hydrocarbures (HC) et de NOx du m lange B10 sont les plus faibles des trois m langes de biodiesel. Toutefois, les missions d'oxyde d'azote (NOx) ont l g rement augment pour les m langes de biodiesel.

O leo de semente de algod o usado foi selecionado para a produ o de biodiesel. Os resultados da transesterifica o mostraram que, com a varia o do catalisador e do metanol, se verificou uma varia o na produ o de biodiesel. Foi produzido um m ximo de 76% de biodiesel com 20% de metanol na presen a de 1,0% de KOH. Os resultados experimentais do motor mostraram que, entre tr s misturas diferentes de biodiesel (B10, B15 e B20), a mistura B10 de biodiesel tem o valor mais elevado das caracter sticas de desempenho de pot ncia de travagem, efici ncia t rmica de travagem, valor mais baixo de consumo espec fico de combust vel de travagem e temperatura dos gases de escape. Os resultados experimentais tamb m mostraram que as emiss es de escape, incluindo mon xido de carbono (CO), hidrocarbonetos (HC) e emiss es de fumo, foram reduzidas para todas as misturas de biodiesel e as emiss es de hidrocarbonetos (HC) e NOx da mistura B10 s o as mais baixas de todas as tr s misturas de biodiesel. No entanto, verificou-se um ligeiro aumento das emiss es de xidos de azoto (NOx) para as misturas de biodiesel.

F r die Biodieselproduktion wurde Baumwollsaatabfall l ausgew hlt. Die Ergebnisse der Umesterung zeigten, dass mit der Variation des Katalysators und des Methanols auch die Biodieselproduktion variierte. Ein Maximum von 76 % Biodiesel wurde mit 20 % Methanol in Gegenwart von 1,0 % KOH hergestellt. Die Versuchsergebnisse des Motors zeigten, dass von den drei verschiedenen Biodieselmischungen (B10, B15 und B20) die Biodieselmischung B10 die h chsten Leistungskennwerte f r die Bremsleistung, den thermischen Wirkungsgrad der Bremse, den niedrigsten Wert f r den spezifischen Kraftstoffverbrauch der Bremse und die Abgastemperatur aufweist. Die Versuchsergebnisse zeigten auch, dass die Abgasemissionen, einschlie lich Kohlenmonoxid (CO), Kohlenwasserstoffe (HC) und Rauchemissionen, f r alle Biodieselmischungen reduziert wurden und die Kohlenwasserstoff- (HC) und NOx-Emissionen der B10-Mischung unter allen drei Biodieselmischungen am niedrigsten sind. Es gibt einen leichten Anstieg der Kohlenmonoxid- (CO) Emission f r die B10-Mischung im Vergleich zu B15 und B10. Bei den Biodieselmischungen wurde jedoch ein leichter Anstieg der Stickstoffoxid-Emissionen (NOx) festgestellt.

Per la produzione di biodiesel stato scelto l'olio di semi di cotone di scarto. I risultati della transesterificazione hanno mostrato che con la variazione del catalizzatore e del metanolo si ottenuta una variazione della produzione di biodiesel. Un massimo del 76% di biodiesel stato prodotto con il 20% di metanolo in presenza dell'1,0% di KOH. I risultati sperimentali del motore hanno mostrato che tra le tre diverse miscele di biodiesel (B10, B15 e B20), la miscela di biodiesel B10 presenta i valori pi elevati di potenza al freno, efficienza termica al freno e i valori pi bassi di consumo specifico di carburante al freno e temperatura dei gas di scarico. I risultati sperimentali hanno anche mostrato che le emissioni di gas di scarico, tra cui monossido di carbonio (CO), idrocarburi (HC) e fumi, sono state ridotte per tutte le miscele di biodiesel e le emissioni di idrocarburi (HC) e di NOx della miscela B10 sono le pi basse tra tutte e tre le miscele di biodiesel, mentre c' un leggero aumento delle emissioni di monossido di carbonio (CO) per la miscela B10 rispetto a B15 e B10. Tuttavia, si registrato un leggero aumento delle emissioni di ossidi di azoto (NOx) per le miscele di biodiesel.

Diesel engines are highly preferred for transportation since they are highly efficient and durable in the long run. However, because of the lack of crude oil reserves, fuel cost and emission norms, alternative fuels are of high interest to replace diesel fuel in diesel engines. Many alternative liquid fuels for diesel engines such as bio-diesel, alcohol have been introduced in the recent past. Today Most of the alternative fuels are biomass-derived and easily available. Many alternative fuel blends have been introduced in the past and they gave very satisfying results. Therefore, in this project, the eucalyptus oil which is high octane biomass-derived fuel is blended with diesel in different proportions by volume and used as fuel in the four-stroke single-cylinder diesel engine. The performance and emission characteristics of the engine were studied. The results show the reduction in consumption of fuel as the brake specific fuel consumption was found to decrease. The improvement in brake thermal efficiency is also observed. While the emission parameters were also improved, emissions were significantly reduced as the load was increasing.

Diesel engines are used in a wide range of industry such as agriculture, transportation, building and energy production due to their high efficiency. Besides, with the development in electronics technology diesel engines are being more and more used in automobiles. Because a good many of diesel engines are being used, we are in need of petroleum more than ever. On the other hand, it is also commonly recognized today that the world petroleum energy resources are finite, thus many researchers have been carried out to find suitable alternative fuels to petroleum products. Researches, on alternative fuels to petroleum based fuels, are increased since petroleum fuels are finite, as well as pollution resulted from their combustion have sincere affects on environments. It is important for an alternative diesel fuels to be technically acceptable, economically competitive, environmentally acceptable and easily available. Many researchers have concluded that biodiesel holds promise as an alternative fuel for diesel engines. Therefore, biodiesel can be used in diesel engines with few or no modifications. Diesel-fuel blends with biodiesel have superior lubricity, which reduces wear and tear