Wendy Cunningham

This book investigates which mental abilities and behaviors allow Latin Americans to be successful in the labor market. It provides guidance for policy makers on how to foster learning and human development.

Youth at Risk in Latin America provides evidence-based guidance to policymakers that will help increase the effectiveness of their youth investment program. Drawing on the authors' detailed analyses, the book describes twenty-three policies and programs that youth development experts agree are the basis of a quality youth development portfolio, from early childhood development programs to parent training to cash transfers for positive behaviors. It also lays out strategies for implementing this effective youth portfolio in a budget-constrained environment by reallocation of resources away from ineffective programs, collection and use of data on program effectiveness, and implementation of the portfolio by a diverse set of actors based on their comparative advantages.

Creating job opportunities for its large and growing number of young people, is a key development challenge for the government of Sierra Leone. It is also crucial for maintaining peace and promoting pro-poor growth. Young people ages 15 to 35 years old are at a particular disadvantage relative to today's children or adults, as they grew up during a war, thereby potentially stunting their development and their transition into adulthood. This transition culminates with secure employment and the resources to provide for oneself and one's family. History suggests that marginalized young people can disrupt a peaceful society; youth who lacked education and access to job opportunities were at the core of the recent conflict, and it is important that this cycle not be repeated. The challenge is how to support their transition to adulthood and, in the process, avoid future conflict. 'Youth Employment in Sierra Leone' examines the supply and demand sides of the labor market to better understand the situation of today's young people, relative to that of adults, and presents an evidence-based menu of potential programs and policies for Sierra Leone. In particular, the authors use a recent household survey and census data to examine patterns of formal and informal labor force activity and human capital accumulation. The authors commissioned a labor demand survey and report on its findings to determine the extent to which urban and rural employers hire young people and their decision-making process. The study reviews skill development programs to enhance youth employability, based on a review of international best practices and of the main programs in Sierra Leone. The authors conclude that youth are a dynamic part of the labor market and that the observed youth employment patterns are a result of the economy's structure rather than constraints facing youth. Short-term actions-to address the immediate needs of today's youth-and long-term strategies to improve the labor market's underlying limitations will be of interest to policy makers who are looking to turn the serious political, social, and economic challenges of sustainable youth employment into an opportunity.

Young people are the basis for the future health and welfare of their communities. Understanding the critical role of young people to the security of sustainable development, this text draws attention to both the important contributions youth have made to the Caribbean society and the critical challenges they face in assuming socially responsible and productive roles in the years to come. Organized into seven chapters, this report provides an overview of the risks Caribbean youth are facing as well evidence of the protective and risk factors underlying the problems confronting youth in the region and an estimation of costs of risky youth behaviours. It also includes an overview of the policy framework and the types of programmes in place that target youth. The report advocates the prioritization of youth development across all sectors and identifies key principles for moving forward.