Bruce Kirle

Angels in the American Theater: Patrons, Patronage, and Philanthropy examines the significant roles that theater patrons have played in shaping and developing theater in the United States. Because box office income rarely covers the cost of production, other sources are vital. Angels - financial investors and backers - have a tremendous impact on what happens on stage, often determining with the power and influence of their money what is conceived, produced, and performed. But in spite of their influence, very little has been written about these philanthropists. Composed of sixteen essays and fifteen illustrations, ""Angels in the American Theater"" explores not only how donors became angels, but also their backgrounds, motivations, policies, limitations, support, and successes and failures. Subjects range from millionaires Otto Kahn and the Lewisohn sisters to foundation giants Ford, Rockefeller, Disney, and Clear Channel. The first book to focus on theater philanthropy, ""Angels in the American Theater"" employs both a historical and a chronological format and focuses on individual patrons, foundations, and corporations.

Pursues the social and historical contexts of a particularly unfinished theatrical genre. In this fresh approach to musical theatre history, Bruce Kirle challenges the commonly understood trajectory of the genre. Drawing on the notion that the world of the author stays fixed while the world of the audience is ever-changing, Kirle suggests that musicals are open, fluid products of the particular cultural moment in which they are performed. Incomplete as printed texts and scores, musicals take on unpredictable lives of their own in the complex transformation from page to stage. Using lenses borrowed from performance studies, cultural studies, queer studies, and ethnoracial studies, ""Unfinished Show Business: Broadway Musicals as Works-in-Process"" argues that musicals are as interesting for the provocative issues they raise about shifting attitudes toward American identity as for their show-stopping song and dance numbers and conveniently happy endings. Kirle illustrates how performers such as Ed Wynn, Fanny Brice, and the Marx Brothers used their charismatic personalities and quirkiness to provide insights into the struggle of marginalized ethnoracial groups to assimilate. Using examples from timeless favorites including ""Oklahomal"", ""Fiddler on the Roof"", ""A Chorus Line"", and ""Les Miserables"", Kirle demonstrates Broadway's ability to bridge seemingly insoluble tensions in society, from economic and political anxiety surrounding World War II to generational conflict and youth counterculture to corporate America and the ""me"" generation. Enlivened by a gallery of some of Broadway's most memorable moments - and some amusingly obscure ones as well - this study will appeal to students, scholars, and lifelong musical theater enthusiasts.