Christian Leuprecht

This book features a comparative study in intelligence accountability and governance across the Five Eyes: the imperative for member countries of the world's most powerful intelligence alliance to reconcile democracy and security through transparent standards, guidelines, legal frameworks, executive directives, and international law. It argues that intelligence accountability is best understood not as an end in itself but as a means that is integral democratic governance. On the one hand, to assure the executive of government and the public that the activities of intelligence agencies are lawful and, if not, to identify breaches in compliance. On the other hand, to raise awareness of and appreciation for the intelligence function, and whether it is being carried out in the most effective, efficient, and innovative way possible to achieve its objective. The analysis shows how the addition of legislative and judicial components to executive and administrative accountability has been shaping evolving institutions, composition, practices, characteristics, and cultures of intelligence oversight and review in the United States, the United Kingdom, Canada, Australia, and New Zealand using a most-similar systems design. Democracies are engaged in an asymmetric struggle against unprincipled adversaries. Technological change is enabling unprecedented social and political disruption. These threat vectors have significantly affected, altered, and expanded the role, powers and capabilities of intelligence organizations. Accountability aims to reassure sceptics that intelligence and security practices are indeed aligned with the rules and values that democracies claim to defend.

The first section, Celebrating Ron Watts, assesses Ronald Watts' academic contributions to the study of federalism (including comparative federalism) as well as his important role as an advisor to federations across the globe. The second section, The Federal Idea: Concepts, explores different perspectives on federalism, both constitutional and citizen-related, and assesses the successes and failures of the federal idea. The final section, The Federal Idea: Practice, addresses a range of policies and practices in individual federations. In addition to case studies, the contributors deal with such issues as fiscal federalism, intergovernmental relations, federalism in the European Union, Scottish devolution, and the differing approaches to upper chambers.

The first section, Celebrating Ron Watts, assesses Ronald Watts' academic contributions to the study of federalism (including comparative federalism) as well as his important role as an advisor to federations across the globe. The second section, The Federal Idea: Concepts, explores different perspectives on federalism, both constitutional and citizen-related, and assesses the successes and failures of the federal idea. The final section, The Federal Idea: Practice, addresses a range of policies and practices in individual federations. In addition to case studies, the contributors deal with such issues as fiscal federalism, intergovernmental relations, federalism in the European Union, Scottish devolution, and the differing approaches to upper chambers.

European armed forces are confronted with increasing recruitment and retention challenges as governments shift from compulsory service to all-volunteer forces, unprecedented population aging notwithstanding. This volume compares human-resource developments in both old and new NATO members as well as unaligned countries, including Austria, Belgium, the Czech Republic, Germany, Greece, the Netherlands, Poland, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, and the United Kingdom. These countries' collective contribution to international stability is not to be underestimated: combined, they field about as many active military personnel as the United States. In its cross-European approach to comparing variation in policy and trends across more than a dozen like-minded countries, the study offers empirically unparalleled insights into the permutations, that civil-military relations are undergoing in the twenty-first century. This book is indispensable reading for decision-makers, practitioners, military officers, scholars, and anyone with an interest in civil-military relations, the armed forces, and the future of European countries' contribution to international peace and security.

Can smaller countries achieve through cooperation what superpowers cannot achieve by force? The military forces of the United States are reluctant to engage in peacekeeping, stabilization, and nation building, and the complexity of working in a national bureaucracy that is bigger and more divided than the United Nations and European Union combined makes response by the world's superpower difficult. Still, the chaotic margins of international order need stabilizing if they are not to threaten western and global interests in perpetuity. Herein lies the challenge of expeditionary missions for smaller advanced democracies: reject the technological fantasy of future war scenarios, come to terms with the social context of violence and the human implications of managing it, and project stabilization globally in support of a consensus that will survive a changing world order. Mission Critical will appeal to scholars, military, and strategic planners in countries small and large with an interest in sharing the heavy lifting of international security more effectively.

Canada: The State of the Federation 2006/07 deals with transitions that have been initiated by a variety of factors and have profound implications. Scholars from several disciplines analyze the implications of these transitional forces, bringing historical, analytical, fiscal, and political perspectives to bear on issues arising from equalization and fiscal imbalance. Contributors examine the ramifications of recent major changes to equalization and show how these changes will have far-reaching and, in some cases, troubling implications. Further transitions arise in the area of federal-provincial relations as a result of Prime Minister Harper's commitment to "open federalism." In this context, contributors re-examine the role and use of federal spending power and explore whether the Canadian federation might be better served by a totally new approach to federalism. Finally, the implications of transitions affecting the role and place of cities in the Canadian federation are considered. Particular attention is given to the significance of the on-going information revolution, which privileges cities - most importantly "global city regions" - as the new, dynamic drivers of growth, innovation, and trade. Contributors include Marc-Antoine Adam (Queen's University), John R. Allan (Queen's University and University of Regina), Robin Boadway (Queen's University), Paul Boothe (University of Alberta), Thomas J. Courchene (Queen's University and Institute for Research on Public Policy), Gordon DiGiacomo (University of Ottawa), James P. Feehan (Memorial University), Anne Golden (The Conference Board of Canada), Paul A. R. Hobson (Acadia University), Christian Leuprecht (Royal Military College of Canada and Queen's University), L. Wade Locke (Memorial University), Janice MacKinnon (University of Saskatchewan), Al O'Brien (University of Alberta), Joe Ruggeri (University of New Brunswick), Anwar Shah (World Bank), Janice Gross Stein (University of Toronto), Garth Stevenson (Brock University), and Jean-François Tremblay (University of Ottawa).

The first systematic comparative analysis of the challenges faced by municipalities in federations around the world.

A novel emphasis on municipalities in this fascinating analysis of intergovernmental systems.