U. S. Department of Justice

In this 1994 report it discusses the role of police psychologists in preventing and identifying individual police officers at risk for use of excessive, nonlethal force and the factors that contribute to police use of excessive force in performing their duties. A sample of 65 police psychologists were asked what types of professional services they provided to police departments and how these services were used to control the use of force. They were also asked to characterize officers who abuse force and to suggest intervention strategies based on police psychology that could help police managers reduce the incidence of excessive force. Results of the survey indicated that psychologists were more involved with counseling and evaluating functions than with training and monitoring of police officer behavior, and counseling was more likely to take place as a response to excessive force incidents than as a means of prevention.

The United States has created enforceable rights in "intangibles" that are known as intellectual property, including copyrights, trademarks, and trade secrets. Copyright law provides federal protection against infringement of certain exclusive rights, such as reproduction and distribution, of "original works of authorship," including computer software, literary works, musical works, and motion pictures. 17 U. S. C. 102(a), 106. The use of a commercial brand to identify a product is protected by trademark law, which prohibits the unauthorized use of "any word, name, symbol, or device" used by a person "to identify and distinguish his or her goods, including a unique product, from those manufactured or sold by others and to indicate the source of the goods." 15 U. S. C. 1127. Finally, trade secret law prohibits the unauthorized disclosure of any confidential and proprietary information, such as a formula, device, or compilation of information but only when that information possesses an independent economic value because it is secret and the owner has taken reasonable measures to keep it secret. 18 U. S. C. 1831, 1832.

One of the more important functions of any police agency is the processing of fingerprint images and cards, whether it deals with criminal or applicant contributors. At no time is there a higher sense of frustration than when the fingerprints obtained and submitted to the FBI have been returned because of missing, illegible or incomplete data or the fingerprint images are of such poor quality that they cannot be processed. This guide has been prepared to assist local, state and federal law enforcement governmental agencies and authorized applicant contributors in the preparation of the FBI Criminal Fingerprint Card (Form FD-249), FBI Applicant Fingerprint Card (Form FD-258), FBI Palmprint cards (Forms FD 884 and 884a), FBI Final Disposition Report (R-84), and FBI Flash/Cancellation Notice (Form I-12). Included are examples and instructions that will identify the correct manner in which data is to be recorded on the fingerprint cards including code tables for entry of personal descriptors. Also included are instructions on how to obtain legible fingerprints. This guide has been designed to assist you and your department in meeting its goal of receiving prompt identification services and results. It will help you report correct and complete information in the standardized manner. This enables the FBI to process the fingerprint cards and associated documents more promptly and with less chance of error.

This manual is intended to assist federal prosecutors in the preparation and litigation of cases involving the Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations Act (RICO), 18 U. S. C. 1961-1968. Prosecutors are encouraged to contact the Organized Crime and Gang Section (OCGS) early in the preparation of their case for advice and assistance.

Every year, hundreds of children in the United States are victims of international parental kidnapping- a child's wrongful removal from the United States, or wrongful retention in another country, by a parent or other family member. Parents and other family members left behind may be overwhelmed by feelings of loss, anguish, despair, and anger-as well as confusion and uncertainty about what can be done in response. In December 1999, the Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention invited a small group of left-behind and searching parents to participate in a planning and development meeting. Each one had experienced first hand the heartbreak of having a child abducted to another country or wrongfully retained abroad. Some of them had recovered their children, while others had not. They willingly shared their knowledge of international parental kidnapping-gained at tremendous personal cost- to help other parents of abducted children understand what can be done to: * Prevent an international parental kidnapping.* Stop a kidnapping in progress.* Locate a kidnapped or wrongfully retained child in another country.* Bring an abductor to justice.* Recover a kidnapped or wrongfully retained child from another country.* Reestablish access to a child in another country. This guide imparts the group's practical wisdom and the hope that other parents will not have to experience the confusion and discouragement these parents did when it was not clear what to do or whom to turn to when their children were kidnapped. The group offered its suggestions for preventing international kidnapping and gave detailed advice to maximize the chance that children who are kidnapped or wrongfully retained will be returned to this country. The guide provides descriptions and realistic assessments of the civil and criminal remedies available in international parental kidnapping cases. It explains applicable laws and identifies both the public and private resources that may be called on when an international abduction occurs or is threatened. It gives practical advice on overcoming frequently encountered obstacles so that parents can get the help they need. The guide prepares parents for the legal and emotional difficulties they may experience and shares coping and general legal strategies to help them achieve their individual goals, whether they involve recovering a child or reestablishing meaningful access to a child in another country. Despite the difficulties that may lie ahead and the disappointment some parents may experience, it is important not to become discouraged. Stay hopeful. Many things can be done to prevent or to resolve an international parental kidnapping. This guide will help you organize your response

This audit report contains the Annual Financial Statements of the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) for the fiscal years (FY) ended September 30, 2015, and September 30, 2014. Under the direction of the Office of the Inspector General (OIG), Kearney & Company, PC (Kearney & Company) performed the FBI's audit in accordance with auditing standards generally accepted in the United States of America. The FY 2015 audit resulted in an unmodified opinion on the financial statements. An unmodified opinion means that the financial statements are presented fairly, in all material respects, in accordance with U. S. generally accepted accounting principles. The FY 2014 financial statement audit was performed by KPMG LLP and resulted in an unmodified opinion (OIG Audit Report No. 15-06). Kearney & Company also issued reports on internal control over financial reporting and on compliance and other matters. The auditors did not identify any material weaknesses, nor did they report any significant deficiencies in the FY 2015 Independent Auditor's Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting Based on an Audit of Financial Statements Performed in Accordance with Government Auditing Standards. No instances of non-compliance or other matters were identified during the audit that are required to be reported under Government Auditing Standards, in the FY 2015 Independent Auditor's Report on Compliance and Other Matters Based on an Audit of Financial Statements Performed in Accordance with Government Auditing Standards. Additionally, Kearney & Company's tests disclosed no instances in which the FBI's financial management systems did not comply substantially with the Federal Financial Management Improvement Act of 1996.

OJJDP considers the intensive supervision program (ISP) a promising intermediate sanction for first-time serious or violent juvenile offenders who are inappropriate for or fail to respond successfully to immediate intervention. Many serious and violent offenders at this stage may be appropriate for placement in an intensive supervision program that serves as an alternative to secure incarceration. The Intensive Supervision of Probationers Program Model is a highly structured, continuously monitored, individualized plan that consists of five phases with decreasing levels of restrictiveness:1. Short-term placement in community confinement.2. Day treatment.3. Outreach and tracking.4. Routine supervision.5. Discharge and followup. Program models such as these have been found to be effective for many serious, violent, and chronic juvenile offenders, obviating the need for secure incarceration. OJJDP views the intensive supervision program as a positive response to the need to address the overcrowding of juvenile detention centers. The Planning Guide offers practitioners the tools they need to implement confidently an ISP as an alternative to long-term institutional confinement for designated juvenile offenders. OJJDP believes the intensive supervision program offers the juvenile justice system a needed alternative to incarceration for the right juvenile offender.

Chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear weapons, also known as weapons of mass destruction (WMD), have the potential to kill thousands of people in a single attack. Although concern over WMDs is not new, the disastrous consequences that may result from using these weapons has spurred the federal government to prepare for and respond to WMD threats. The Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) serves as the lead federal agency for investigating WMD crimes. The FBI focuses its WMD-related activities towards preventing the illicit acquisition of WMDs and identifying and disrupting their attempted use. The preemptive focus of these efforts requires the FBI to use its investigative and analytical capabilities to identify potential WMD suspects, targets, and threats before an attack occurs. Several different FBI investigative divisions once conducted WMD-related activities. In July 2006, the FBI consolidated its WMD investigation and prevention efforts into a WMD Directorate within its National Security Branch. Comprised primarily of Special Agents, Intelligence Analysts, program managers, and policy specialists, the WMD Directorate designs training for employees of the FBI; other federal agencies; state and local law enforcement organizations; and public health, industry, and academia partners. The WMD Directorate also provides national-level WMD intelligence support to FBI field divisions and to the larger U. S. Intelligence Community. At the local level, the FBI primarily relies on a designated Special Agent in each field division, referred to as the WMD Coordinator, to implement a significant portion of the FBI's WMD-related activities.