Bernhard Giesen

This book by the late German sociologist Bernhard Giesen offers an ambitious and original reconstruction of human history. Originally written for a series of 25 lectures at Yale university, this book can be read as an evolutionary account of humanity that avoids any linear and simplistic narrative of progress. Like Graeber and Wengrow, Giesen rejects the notion of "evolutionary stages", arguing instead that forms of social organization (e.g., families) and cultural practices (e.g., rituals) that can be found in the earliest human societies are still relevant today. This unique perspective on human evolution is informed by Giesen's own theory of cultural selection, which argues that cultural codes and practices are selected for and reproduced in relation to specific social situations. Along the way, Human Societies introduces basic (cultural) sociological concepts, showcasing their historical origins and contemporary relevance: Cultural practices such as rituals and initiation rituals in particular; symbolic binaries such as sacred and profane; the axial-age distinction between the mundane this-worldly and the transcendent otherworldly; Weber's charismatic, traditional, legal-rational authority. The last chapters address modern phenomena such as individualization and functional differentiation, which includes accounts of the emergence of autonomous social spheres such as science, art and politics. Students will find in it an accessible and fun-to-read overview of human history and an introduction to (cultural) sociological concepts and thinking. Teachers, on the other hand, will be able to appreciate it as an inspiration for their own teaching and thinking. While not specifically targeting experts in the various fields it covers, its unique cultural-sociological perspective and the unmatched creativity of Giesen's thought could also be of interest for specialists in the field.

This book deals with triumphant and tragic heroes, with victims and perpetrators as archetypes of the Western imagination. A major recent change in Western societies is that memories of triumphant heroism-for example, the revolutionary uprising of the people-are increasingly replaced by the public remembrance of collective trauma of genocide, slavery and expulsion. The first part of the book deals with the heroes and victims and explores the social construction of charisma and its inevitable decay. Part 2 focuses on a paradigm case of the collective trauma of perpetrators: German national identity between 1945 and 2000. After a time of latency, the legacy of nationalistic trauma was addressed in a public conflict between generations. The conflict took center stage in vivid public debates and became a core element of Germany's official political culture. Today public confessions of the guilt of the past have spread beyond the German case. They are part of a new post-utopian pattern of collective identity in a globalised setting.

This book deals with triumphant and tragic heroes, with victims and perpetrators as archetypes of the Western imagination. A major recent change in Western societies is that memories of triumphant heroism-for example, the revolutionary uprising of the people-are increasingly replaced by the public remembrance of collective trauma of genocide, slavery and expulsion. The first part of the book deals with the heroes and victims and explores the social construction of charisma and its inevitable decay. Part 2 focuses on a paradigm case of the collective trauma of perpetrators: German national identity between 1945 and 2000. After a time of latency, the legacy of nationalistic trauma was addressed in a public conflict between generations. The conflict took center stage in vivid public debates and became a core element of Germany's official political culture. Today public confessions of the guilt of the past have spread beyond the German case. They are part of a new post-utopian pattern of collective identity in a globalised setting.

This book proposes a theory of collective and national identity based on culture and language rather than power and politics. Applying this to what he calls Germany's 'axial age', Bernhard Giesen shows how the codes of nineteenth-century German identity in turn became those of the divided Germany between 1945 and 1989. The identity he describes derives from the ideas of German intellectuals, from the uprooted Romantic poets to the influential German mandarins. Carried by the emerging bourgeoisie, it was constructed on the tensions between power and spirit, money and culture, and the sacred and profane.

This book proposes a theory of collective and national identity based on culture and language rather than power and politics. Applying this to what he calls Germany's 'axial age', Bernhard Giesen shows how the codes of nineteenth-century German identity in turn became those of the divided Germany between 1945 and 1989. The identity he describes derives from the ideas of German intellectuals, from the uprooted Romantic poets to the influential German mandarins. Carried by the emerging bourgeoisie, it was constructed on the tensions between power and spirit, money and culture, and the sacred and profane.

Dieser Band gibt eine allgemeine Einführung in das Fachgebiet Soziologie und zeigt deren Stellung innerhalb der Sozialwissenschaften. Er informiert über die wichtigsten theoretischen Modelle zur Erklärung sozialen Verhaltens und zur Erfassung gesamtgesellschaftlicher Strukturen und Prozesse.