Naval Postgraduate School

German unification has altered the fundamentals of European and Atlantic security. This book analyzes the past, present, and future of German power, paying particular attention to the evolution of diplomacy and statecraft between Germany and the great powers in the period 1987-1990. This analysis is based, however, on a thorough examination of the role of Germany in the European states system from 1648 until the present. For no understanding of German power is possible without an astute appreciation of the impact of the past on the present and future. The main focus of the book thereafter falls upon the so-called "two plus four" diplomacy that got underway shortly after the collapse of the Berlin Wall and reached its climax in July 1990. The final portion of the work analyzes such issues of contemporary policy as: Germany and NATO; the future of nuclear and conventional weapons; Conference on Security and Cooperation in Europe (CSCE); and the future of diplomacy, statecraft, and strategy in an altered Europe.

Navy Sea Air Land (SEAL) Teams and Army Special Forces (SF) are distinct organizations that often compete for the same missions, and this book provides a comparison of the two organizations. Others have provided detailed accounts of both the operational and political backgrounds that resulted in SEALs and SF being placed under the United States Special Operations Command (USSOCOM). This work provides a narrative of the relevant operational and political events that influenced the present organizational cultures of the SF and SEALs. Most notably, both units had their origins in World War II. SF were most heavily influenced by the unconventional warfare (UW) experiences in Europe, and the SEALs were most heavily influenced by the experiences of "frogmen" who prepared beaches for opposed amphibious landings. Both SF and SEALs faced an uncertain existence until the creation of SOCOM, and they willingly branched into additional mission areas. The material presented can be used as a framework to understand the friction that is sometimes present between conventional and special operations units. It can also be employed as a template for assessing how future actions will fit within the SF and SEAL organizational cultures.

The Marine Corps Tactical System Support Agency (MCTSSA) at Marine Corps Base(MCB) Camp Pendleton is currently conducting evaluation of Wide Area Network(WAN) optimization products. MCTSSA has requested a tool that will conductstateful TCP replay on large network trace files. This book lays the groundwork and establishes a framework for thedevelopment of a testing capability for measuring the efficiency of differentWAN optimization products with respect to an excerpt of real-world productionTCP flows. It also creates a software tool that will re-create the exchangeof data between two hosts from a network trace file and maintain the relativeordering of TCP packets and their TCP payload. In addition, the softwareeliminates retransmissions that would not occur with the deployment of WANOptimization gateways.

The United States currently has interests in the South Atlantic and Antarctica whichhave traditionally taken a back seat to U. S. interests in other regions. In the closing yearsof the twentieth century, those interests likely will receive more attention as the UnitedStates and the global community shifts its attention from the traditional focus on East-West issues and their conflict potential to more nationalist interests. This thesis examinesU. S. interests in the South Atlantic and Antarctica and evaluates the potentialchallenges to those interests. The thesis concludes that, while its interests in the SouthAtlantic remain, the United States will find it increasingly more difficult to extend itsinfluence as the countries of the region exert more national will and as extra-hemisphericactors gain a more significant foothold.

At the close of the Cold War the United States faces the difficult task of defining what it stands for, what its long-term goals are and the means it is willing to use to attain these goals. This thesis investigates the roleAmerican core values played in the two historical operational codes of the United States-nation building of the Founding Fathers, and the Cold War containment policy. It examines the relationship of paradigm change onvalues, perceptions and policy. It attempts to develop case studies which exemplify that relationship. Additionally, a long-range planning model is presented for use in framing the debate on options presented for anew operational code. Finally, it goes on to suggest what part American values should play in the operational code the nation develops to shape the "New World Order."