Patricia Clarke Annez

Why is productivity higher in cities? Does urbanization cause growth or does growth cause urbanization? Do countries achieve rapid growth or high incomes without urbanization? How can policy makers reap the benefits of urbanization without paying too high a cost? Does supporting urbanization imply neglecting rural areas? Why do so few governments welcome urbanization? What should governments do to improve housing conditions in cities as they urbanize? Are innovations in housing finance a blessing or a curse for developing countries? How will governments finance the trillions of dollars of infrastructure spending needed for cities in developing countries? First in a series of thematic volumes, this book was prepared for the Commission on Growth and Development to evaluate the state of knowledge of the relationship between urbanization and economic growth. It does not pretend to provide all the answers, but it does identify insights and policy levers to help countries make urbanization work as part of a national growth strategy. Written by prominent academics in their fields, ""Urbanization and Growth"" seeks to create a better understanding of the role of urbanization in growth and to inform policy makers tackling the formidable challenges it poses.

In the 1970s, the World Bank introduced an instrument, the Urban Infrastructure Fund (UIF), designed to support local infrastructure investment in smaller cities. The UIF approach relies on domestic institutions to channel financing so that smaller sub-projects suited to the capacity and needs of smaller cities can be implemented. UIFs have a good track record of meeting their development objectives. Paradoxically the Bank has reduced use of this tool, while population growth in the developing world is shifting to smaller cities and decentralization is placing greater fiscal demands on local government. The book offers recommendations for revitalizing the UIF as a financing instrument for today's development priorities.